Globe Societies ond Geogrophicol Groups
E@ Th. Irfl.r".,"" of c.,1t,r.u1 putt.r,r,
CULTURALPATTERN:
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Indiuidualism (e.g., USA, Ausrralia, Canacla)
. Focus is on the individual & self-
promorion
o Inclependency
o Tirsk dominates relatior-rship
o Social obedience t1-rrough sense of guilt
Collectiuism (e.g., Korea, China, Mexico)
o Focus is on the group/affiliations & self-
criticism
o Inte rdepencler-rcy
o Relationship dominates task
o Social obedience through sense ofshame
Egalitarian vs. Hierarchical (Power Drsrance)
Egalitarian (e.g., Ausrralia, Canada, USA)
e Huri:onral relarion.hlp.
. Subordinates consulted
r Equalit), expected
Hierarchical (e.g., Mexico, India, Korea)
c Vertical relatior-rships
o Subordinatesinformed
o Inequalityircceptec'l
Low vs. High Uncertainty Avoidance
Low Llncerainty Auoidance (e.g., India,
. Change is nonnal and good
o Ferv behavioral protocols
. Greater cultural diversitv
USA) HighUncertainty Aloiddnce (e.g., Japan, Spain)
n Change is disruptive and disliked
. Many behavioral protocols
o Less cultural diversitv
Monochronic vs. Polychronic (Usc of Time)
Monochronic (e.g., Germany, USA)
o Time is linear and segmented
o Focus on a single task
o Adherqnc. tu.chcJulcs
P olychronic (e.g., Arabs, Afric:rns)
. Time is flexible
. F, rcu. ,,n mrrlril]r rask.
o Weak ties to schedules
Low vs. High Context Communication
LotL,Context (Direct) (e.g., Germany, USA)
o Meaning reliant on verbal message
o Nonverbal communication 1ow
importance
. Silence is avoided
High Context (lndirect) (e.g., Korea, Japan)
o Meaning can be derived frorn context
o Nonverbirl communication high
importance
o Silcnce is normal
Low vs. High Face Concerns
Low Face Concerns (e.g. Canada, USA)
I Conflict/disagreement is constructive
o Concern for self-face
High Face Concerns (e.g., Korea, China)
o Conflict/disagreemenr is threater-ring
o Concern for mutual/other-face
sotLrce; E. McDaniel, "crossing cultural Borders; Intercultural communication from the
Interpretation and Translation Perspective," [ottrndl of Interpreting and Translatior.t Stuclies, l4:2
(2011),3s9.