13. Trpný rod
13. Passive voice
63) We give all lessons in English here.
64) I think this company spends too much money on advertising.
65) They show 'Cinderella' on television every Christmas.
66) About 750 million people speak Mandarin Chinese.
67) Most schools now own computers.
68) They offer courses in various foreign languages.
69) They now sell Czech beer in a lot of British supermarkets.
70) They serve breakfast between 7am and 9am.
71) They do not show films on Sundays.
72) His employees do not respect him.
73) In which countries do they grow rice?
74) How much do they pay their employees?
75) Do they teach French at your school?
76) How do they make spaghetti?
77) Whete do they wear kilts?
78) Who organizes the Prague Spring festival?
79) Who publishes her books?
80) What causes it?
Úroveň D (Cvičení 81-215)
Trpný rod v přítomném ptůběhovém čase. Přeložte.
81) Tento týden nemohu používat své auto. Opravuje se.
82) Tento měsíc se vydává jeho první sbírka básní.
83) Už dostávám [jsem obsluhován], děkuji.
84) Tato informace se posílá všem našim členům, [teď]
85) Na příští úterý se svolává [organizuje] schůze.
86) Všude se stavějí nová sídliště.
87) V knihovně se dnes instaluje nový počítačový systém.
88) Ještě tu místnost nemůžeme použít. Ještě se tam uklízí.
89) Ředitel říká, že se utrácí příliš mnoho peněz za administrativu.
90) V tomto oboru lingvistiky se dosahuje velkého pokroku.
Převeďte následující věty z rodu činného do trpného.
91) They're building a new petrol station on the corner.
92) They're signing the contract this morning in Geneva.
93) They're showing that film at four Prague cinemas this week.
94) The police are now closely watching the house.
95) They're converting the local cinema into a nightclub.
96) I think someone is following us.
97) They're operating on her this afternoon.
98) They're repairing the pavement in front of our house this week.
99) This government is spending too little money on education. 100) They're not doing enough for the homeless.
Trpný rod v minulém prostém čase. Přeložte.
101) Ten dopis byl poslán z Berlína.
102) Pole byla pokryta sněhem.
103) Náš dům byl postaven v roce 1907.
104) Tato univerzita byla založena v roce 1348.
198 Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky
63) All lessons are given in English here.
64) I think too much money is spent by this company on advertising.
65) 'Cinderella' is shown on television every Christmas.
66) Mandarin Chinese is spoken by about 750 million people.
67) Computers are now owned by most schools.
68) Courses are offered in various foreign languages.
69) Czech beer is now sold in a lot of British supermarkets.
70) Breakfast is served between 7am and 9am.
71) Films are not shown on Sundays.
72) He is not respected by his employees.
73) In which countries is rice grown?
74) How much are their employees paid?
75) Is French taught at your school?
76) How is spaghetti made?
77) Where are kilts worn?
78) Who is the Prague Spring festival organized by?
79) Who are her books published by?
80) What is it caused by?
Level D (examples 81-215)
Passive with the present continuous
81) I can't use my car this week. It's being repaired.
82) His first collection of poems is being published this month.
83) I'm (already) being served, thank you.
84) This information is being sent to all our members.
85) A meeting is being organized/arranged for next Tuesday.
86) New housing estates are being built everywhere.
87) A new computer system is being installed in the library today.
88) We can't use the room yet. It's still being cleaned.
89) The director says that too much money is being spent on administration.
90) A lot of/Great progress is being made in this field/area of linguistics.
91) A new petrol station is being built on the corner.
92) The contract is being signed this morning in Geneva.
93) That film is being shown at four Prague cinemas this week.
94) The house is now being closely watched by the police.
95) The local cinema is being converted into a nightclub.
96) I think we are being followed (by someone).
97) She is being operated on this afternoon.
98) The pavement in front of our house is being repaired this week.
99) Too little money is being spent by this government on education.
100) Not enough is being done for the homeless.
Passive with the past simple
101) The letter was posted in Berlin/was sent from Berlin.
102) The fields were covered in/with snow. 1103) Our house was built in 1907.
104) This university was founded in 1348.
Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky 199
13. Trpný rod
13. Passive voice
Převeďte následující věty z todu činného do trpného.
151) Eighty million television viewers are going to see the concert live.
152) They are going to exhibit some of her paintings at the city gallery next month.
153) He says they are going to deliver the washing machine next Monday.
154) They are going to hold the meeting in the director's office.
155) They will inform all successful applicants by 15th September.
156) The company will pay for everything.
157) This new invention is going to improve the lives of millions of people.
158) They are going to employ three men for the job.
159) Our special bus service will take you from the airport to your hotel.
160) When they catch him they will punish him. [dvě pasiva]
161) Are they going to give any discounts?
162) When are they going to announce the news?
163) Do you think they will finish the work by Friday?
164) How are they going to solve the problem?
165) Which country will they send him to next?
Trpný tod v předpřítomném čase. Přeložte.
166) Byl jsi někdy zastaven policií?
167) Štípla tě někdy včela? [použijte trpný rod]
168) Tento román byl přeložen do několika světových jazyků.
169) Nemohu s tebou jít. Byl jsem pozván na svatbu.
170) V Egyptě byla právě objevena nová pyramida.
171) Tento film se v České televizi ještě nedával.
172) Víš, že zítřejší schůze byla zrušena?
173) Z místního muzea byly ukradeny dvě kresby od Moneta.
174) Bylo o tom napsáno hodně knih.
175) Zápas byl odložen na zítřek.
Převeďte následující věty z rodu činného do trpného.
176) It's a new coat. No one has ever worn it.
177) This company has never employed women.
178) They have already warned him several times.
179) Has anyone fed the dog today?
180) But we have already paid the bill!
181) Someone has stolen my money!
182) They have not offered the job to anyone yet.
183) Have they caught the thief yet?
184) Have they connected your telephone yet?
185) They have often criticized him for that.
Trpný rod v předminulém čase. Přeložte.
186) Řekla, že byla sledována mladým mužem se psem.
187) Zapomněl jsem, že den schůzky byl změněn na pátek.
188) Vysvětlil, že ten text byl napsán velice rychle.
189) Policista mu řekl, že jeho auto bylo nalezeno.
190) Doufal, že ten byt se už neprodal.
191) Zeptal jsem se, jestli ten pokoj už byl uklizen.
íK 192) Když se vtátil ke stolu, viděl, že jeho polévka byla odnesena. 1   193) Nevěděla, že ten zámek byl vyměněn.
151) The concert is going to be seen live by eighty million television viewers.
152) Some of her paintings are going to be exhibited at the city gallery next month.
153) He says the washing machine is going to be delivered next Monday.
154) The meeting is going to be held in the director's office.
155) All successful applicants will be informed by 15th September.
156) Everything will be paid (for) by the company.
157) The lives of millions of people are going to be improved by this new invention.
158) Three men are going to be employed for the job.
159) You will be taken from the airport to your hotel by our special bus service.
160) When he's caught he will be punished.
161) Are any discounts going to be given?
162) When is the news going to be announced?
163) Do you think the work will be finished by Friday?
164) How is the problem going to be solved?
165) Which country will he be sent to next?
Passive with the present perfect
166) Have you ever been stopped by the police?
167) Have you ever been stung by a bee?
168) This novel has been translated into several world languages.
169) I can't go with you. I've been invited to a wedding.
170) A new pyramid has just been discovered in Egypt.
171) This film has not yet been shown (hasn't been shown yet) on Czech Television.
172) Do you know that tomorrow's meeting has been cancelled?
173) Two drawings by Monet have been stolen from the local museum.
174) A lot of books have been written about that.
175) The match has been postponed until tomorrow.
176) It's a new coat. It's never been worn.
177) Women have never been employed by this company.
178) He has already been warned several times.
179) Has the dog been fed today?
180) But the bill has already been paid!
181) My money has been stolen!
182) The job hasn't been offered to anyone yet./No one has been offered the job yet.
183) Has the thief been caught yet?
184) Has your telephone been connected yet?
185) He has often been criticized for that.
Passive with the past perfect
186) She said she had been followed by a young man with a dog.
187) I forgot that the day of the meeting had been changed to Friday.
188) He explained that the text had been written very quickly.
189) The policeman told him that his car had been found.
190) He hoped the flat hadn't already been sold/hadn't been sold already.
191) I asked if/whether the room had already been cleaned.
192) When he returned to the table he saw that his soup had been taken away.
193) She didn't know the lock had been changed.
202 Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky
Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky 203
10
13. Trpný rod
234) I would have explained everything if they had given me the chance.
235) I would have come to the reception if they'd told me about it.
Trpný rod v předbudoucím čase. Přeložte.
236) Do konce roku se v naší ulici postaví čtyři nové domy.
237) Na konci tohoto týdne již tady budu zaměstnaný rok.
238) Jestli si koupíte náš výrobek, vaše peníze nebudou promarněny.
239) Jestli to udělá za čtrnáct vteřin, bude překonán světový rekord.
240) Můžeš se vrátit v pět. Důležité opravy budou udělány do té doby.
241) Až se příští měsíc objeví tato antologie, všechna jeho díla už budou vydána v češtině.
242) Možná, že se do konce století najde řešení.
243) Než se tam dostaneme, všechny nejlepší věci budou prodány.
244) Jestli uděláme tyto změny, do konce roku se ušetří hodně peněz.
245) Jestli je teorie těch archeologů sptávná, bude objeven velmi důležitý historický fenomén.
Trpný infinitiv po modálních slovesech (must/does not have to/can/cannot/should/should not/might + be + minulé příčestí). Převeďte následující věty z rodu činného do trpného. Příklad: You should not give these tablets to children. - These tablets should not be given to children.
246) You must do this homework by Wednesday.
247) You must leave keys at reception.
248) They must return application forms by 31st March.
249) You must leave all bags and coats with the librarian.
250) You must pay the deposit by 1st October.
251) You don't have to translate the text.
252) You don't have to pre-cook this product.
253) You don't have to give this information on your application form.
254) You don't have to make the decision immediately.
255) You don't have to show papers.
256) What can we do?
257) You can buy tickets at the main entrance.
258) You can return these goods only if you have the receipt.
259) We can explain that quite easily.
260) Can you wash this in the machine?
261) You cannot translate this expression.
262) You cannot do it straight away.
263) We cannot correct mistakes later.
264) You can't buy happiness.
265) You can't describe it.
266) You should take this medicine three times a day.
267) Customers should leave their dogs outside this shop.
268) They should do something about it.
269) You should not take food and drinks into the cinema.
270) You should change the oil every ten thousand kilometres.
271) They might catch you!
272) They might explain it in the next chapter.
273) They might not offer the job to any of us.
274) They might not fine them.
275) They might never find her.
13. Passive voice
234) I would have explained everything if I had been given the chance.
235) I would have come to the reception if I'd been told about it.
Passive with the future perfect
236) By the end of the year four new houses will have been built in our street.
237) At the end of this week I'll have been employed here (for) one year.
238) If you buy our product your money will not have been wasted.
239) If he does it in fourteen seconds the world record will have been broken.
240) You can return at five. The necessary repairs will have been made by then/by that time.
241) When this anthology appears next month, all his works will have been published in Czech.
242) Perhaps a solution will have been found by the end of the century.
243) By the time we get there all the best things will have been sold.
244) If we make these changes, a lot of money will have been saved by the end of the year.
245) If the archaeologists' theory is correct, a very important historical phenomenon will have been discovered.
Passive infinitive after modal verbs
246) This homework must be done by Wednesday.
247) Keys must be left at reception.
248) Application forms must be returned by 31st March.
249) All bags and coats must be left with the librarian.
250) The deposit must be paid by 1st October.
251) The text does not have to be translated.
252) This product does not have to be pre-cooked.
253) This information does not have to be given on your application form.
254) The decision does not have to be made immediately.
255) Papers do not have to be shown.
256) What can be done?
257) Tickets can be bought at the main enttance.
258) These goods can be returned only if you have the teceipt.
259) That can be explained quite easily. (That can be quite easily explained.)
260) Can this be washed in the machine?
261) This expression cannot be translated.
262) It cannot be done straight away.
263) Mistakes cannot be corrected later.
264) Happiness can't be bought.
265) It can't be described.
266) This medicine should be taken three times a day.
267) Dogs should be left outside this shop.
268) Something should be done about it.
269) Food and drinks should not be taken into the cinema.
270) The oil should be changed every ten thousand kilometres.
271) You might be caught!
272) It might be explained in the next chapter.
273) The job might not be offered to any of us.
274) They might not be fined.
275) She might never be found.
206 Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky
Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky 207
13. Trpný rod
13- Passive voice
Nyní přepište věty z příkladů 351-355 podle tohoto vzoru:
Příklad: It is said that he is an excellent doctor. - He is said to be an excellent doctor.
356) Přepište odpověď z příkladu 351.
357) Přepište odpověď z příkladu 352.
358) Přepište odpověď z příkladu 353.
359) Přepište odpověď z příkladu 354.
360) Přepište odpověď z příkladu 355.
Trpný rod ve větách s frázovými slovesy. Přeložte.
361) Člověk se na ni nemůže spolehnout. [She cannot...]
362) Zítra ráno bude operován. [He...]
363) Měl jsem pocit, že se o mně mluví.
364) Okamžitě se poslalo pro doktora. [A doctor...]
365) Nemám rád, když se na mě někdo dívá, když jím.
366) Neboj. Bude tu o ni dobře postaráno.
367) Nesnese, když se mu někdo směje.
368) Telefon byl už zase odpojen! [použijte eut off]
369) Je líná a ráda se nechává obskakovat [obsluhovat].
370) Ta budova je nebezpečná. Bude se muset zbourat, [použijte pull down]
371) Už se za tyto knihy zaplatilo?
372) Ale podívej, ta nejdůležitější informace byla vynechána!
373) Kácí se příliš mnoho stromů, [použijte eut down]
374) A vyhazuje se příliš mnoho papíru.
375) Naštěstí byl můj pas doručen na policejní stanici.
Úroveň F (Cvičení 376-440)
Minulý trpný infinitiv po modálních slovesech (must/can't/couldn't/could/might/should/ V   shouldn't have + been 4- minulé příčestí). Přeložte.
376) To okno bylo určitě [muselo být] necháno otevřené.
t    377) Jeho poslední hra byla určitě [musela být] napsána před rokem 1780.
378) Jejich telefon byl určitě [musel být] odpojen, [použijte disconnect]
379) Tyto díry byly určitě [musely být] udělány moly.
380) Originál byl určitě [musel být] zničen.
381) Podívej se na datum na obálce. Ten dopis nemohl být poslán expres.
382) Michael tady není. Nemohl být pozván.
383) Tento text je plný základních chyb. Nemohl být napsán rodilým mluvčím.
384) Tato prostěradla jsou špinavá. Nemohla být vyprána.
385) Toto maso se nemohlo vařit moc dlouho. Ještě je krvavé!
386) Když jsem uviděl datum na obálce, věděl jsem, že to nemohlo být posláno expres.
387) Michael tam nebyl. Nemohl být pozván.
388) Ten text byl plný základních chyb. Nemohl být napsán rodilým mluvčím.
389) Ta prostěradla byla špinavá. Nemohla být vyprána.
390) To maso se nemohlo vařit moc dlouho. Ještě bylo krvavé!
391) Měl štěstí. Mohl být raněn.
392) Byl to risk. Mohli být chyceni.
393) Ten výlet byl zajímavý, ale mohl být lépe zorganizovaný.
394) Bylo to nebezpečné. Mohli být zabiti.
395) Proč jsi nepožádal o tu práci? Myslím, že jsi mohl být vybrán.
21 2 Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky
r weather
He is said to be...
356) The original of this painting is believed to be in a private collection in Paris
357) The President is reported to be feeling much better now.
358) He is known to be hiding somewhere in the Caribbean.
359) The group of climbers is now thought to be somewhere near the summit.
360) The weather is expected to be better tomorrow./There is expected to be bette tomorrow.
Phrasal verbs in the passive
361) She cannot be relied on/upon.
362) He is going to be operated on tomorrow morning.
363) I had the feeling I was being talked about/spoken about.
364) A doctor was sent for immediately.
365) I don't like being looked at when I'm eating.
366) Don't worry. She'll be taken good care of here.
367) He can't stand being laughed at.
368) The telephone has been cut off again!
369) She's lazy and likes being waited on.
370) The building is dangerous. It'll have to be pulled down.
371) Have these books (already) been paid for?
372) But look, the most important information has been left out!
373) Too many trees are (being) cut down.
374) And too much paper is (being) thrown away.
375) Luckily my passport was taken/delivered to the police station.
Level F (examples 376-440)
Passive perfect infinitive after modal verbs
376) The window must have been left open.
377) His last play must have been written before 1780.
378) Their telephone must have been disconnected.
379) These holes must have been made by moths.
380) The original must have been destroyed.
381) Look at the date on the envelope. The letter can't have been sent express.
382) Michael isn't here. He can't have been invited.
383) This text is full of basic mistakes. It can't have been written by a native speaker.
384) These sheets are dirty. They can't have been washed.
385) This meat can't have been cooked (for) very long. It's still bleeding!
386) When I saw the date on the envelope I knew it couldn't have been sent express.
387) Michael wasn't there. He couldn't have been invited.
388) The text was full of basic mistakes. It couldn't have been written by a native speaker.
389) The sheets were dirty. They couldn't have been washed.
390) The meat couldn't have been cooked (for) very long. It was still bleeding!    '&Wv %
391) He was lucky. He could have been injured.
392) It was a risk. They could have been/got caught.
393) The trip was interesting, but it could have been better organized.
394) It was dangerous. They could have been/got killed.
395) Why didn 't you apply for the job? I think you could/might have been chosen.
Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky 213
13. Trpný rod
13. Passive voice
396) Tyto fresky byly možná namalovány Michelangelem.
397) Musíme si pospíšit. Možná, že se to už prodalo.
398) Historici říkají, že se tato droga možná používala ve středověku.
399) Ta kniha už možná byla přeložena.
400) Možná, že jí to nebylo řečeno. [She...]
401) Mělo se to udělat dříve.
402) Tento sýr se měl sníst do minulého čtvrtka!
403) Měli jsme být varováni.
404) Ten plyn měl být vypnut.
405) Ta smlouva se měla podepsat včera.
406) Tato informace neměla být zveřejněna.
407) Tyto změny se neměly dělat.
L408) Vaše auto tam nemělo být zaparkováno. 409) Neměla být pozvána. 410) Tato chyba se nikdy neměla udělat.
Minulý trpný infinitiv po přídavných jménech nebo slovesech. Přepište následující věty tak, že vedlejší větu nahradíte vazbou s minulým trpným infinitivem s to (to have been + příčestí minulé).
411) We were pleased they had invited us.
412) You are lucky they didn't throw you out.
413) He said the cake was too good for his wife to have baked it.
414) This photograph isn't good enough for a professional to have taken it.
415) It seemed that she hadn't been too offended.
416) It seemed that the door had been locked from the inside.
417) It appeared that the money had not been touched.
418) He was hoping that they would have paid him by Christmas.
419) We need to have found a solution by 1st May.
420) She claims that she has been treated unfairly.
Přepište následující věty. Příklad: It is known that Celts lived in this area. - Celts are known to have lived in this area.
421) It is known that she was a quiet, modest woman.
422) It is assumed that the author's manuscript was lost or destroyed.
423) It is said that Prague was founded by Libuše.
424) It is thought that the accident happened at about five o'clock.
425) It is believed by some historians that the Incas knew laser techniques.
426) It is reported that two men have been arrested.
427) It is thought that only four passengers have survived.
428) It is known that the new drug has already helped several hundred patients.
429) It is estimated that the company has already lost ten million crowns this year.
430) It is said that the couple have donated their lottery prize to a children's charity.
Užití činného rodu ve větách s trpným významem. Přeložte. Příklad: Tento vtip se nedá dobře přeložit. - This joke doesn't translate well.
431) Tento překlad se dobře čte.
432) To auto se krásně řídí.
433) Jak se prodává váš nový výrobek?
434) Tato látka se nepere dobře.
214 Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky
396) These fresco(e)s might have been painted by Michelangelo.
397) We must hurry. It might already have been sold (might have been sold already).
398) Historians say that this drug might have been used in the Middle Ages.
399) The book might already have been translated (might have been translated already).
400) She might not have been told.
401) It should have been done sooner/earlier.
402) This cheese should have been eaten by last Thursday!
403) We should have been warned.
404) The gas should have been turned off.
405) The contract should have been signed yesterday.
406) This information shouldn't have been published.
407) These changes shouldn't have been made.
408) Your car shouldn't have been parked there.
409) She shouldn't have been invited.
410) This mistake should never have been made.
Passive perfect infinitive after adjectives and verbs
411) We were pleased to have been invited.
412) You are lucky not to have been thrown out.
413) He said the cake was too good to have been baked by his wife.
414) This photograph isn't good enough to have been taken by a professional.
415) She seemed not to have been too offended.
416) The door seemed to have been locked from the inside.
417) The money appeared not to have been touched.
418) He was hoping to have been paid by Christmas.
419) A solution needs to have been found by 1st May.
420) She claims to have been treated unfairly.
421) She is known to have been a quiet, modest woman.
422) The author's manuscript is assumed to have been lost or destroyed.
423) Prague is said to have been founded by Libuse.
424) The accident is thought to have happened at about five o'clock.
425) The Incas are believed by some historians to have known laser techniques.
426) Two men are reported to have been arrested.
427) Only four passengers are thought to have survived.
428) The new drug is known to have helped several hundred patients already (is known already to have helped several hundred patients).
429) The company is estimated to have lost ten million crowns already this year (is estimated already to have lost ten million crowns this year).
430) The couple are said to have donated their lottery prize to a children's charity.
Use of active voice with passive meaning ^31) This translation reads well.
432) The car drives beautifully.
433) How is your new product selling?
434) This material/fabric doesn't wash wel
Nová cvičebnice anglická gramatiky 215