Although / though / even though In spite of / despite Study this example situation: //.X^^s-y, V / ^ast ^ear ^au' anc' Joanne had a holiday by the sea. n ft ' I '// ■ V / lf rained a lot, but they enjoyed themselves. /// You can say: / / Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. ''. -~-±5EE: (= It rained a lot, iaf they ...) or In sp'te ° 1 tjle ram tney enj0yed themselves. Despite | After although we use a subject + wrfe □ Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. □ I didn't get the job although I had the necessary qualifications. Compare the meaning of although and because: □ We went out although it was raining. □ We didn't go out because it was raining. After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing: □ In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. □ I didn't get the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications. □ She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work. □ In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you. Despite is the same as in spite of. We say in spite of, but despite {without of): □ She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work, (not despite of this) You can say in spite of the fact (that) ... and despite the fact (that) ... : I didn't get the job | ^fSIf tl^t M»L| }' 'la<' tne necessalT qualifications. □ I didn't get the job | lact : th.lt ' j Compare in spite of and because of: □ We went out in spite of the rain, (or ... despite the ram.) □ We didn't go out because of the rain. Compare although and in spite of / despite: □ Although the traffic was bad, 1 w<_ amved on dme („of in spite of the traffic was bad) 226 In spite of the traffic, . , , , , [ although I was very tired. , ... • □ I couldn t sleep .... . , (not despite I was tired) [ despite being very tired. Sometimes we use though instead of although: O I didn't get the job though I had the necessary qualifications. In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence: □ The house isn't very nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden) □ I see them every day. I've never spoken to them though. (= but I've never spoken to them) Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although: □ Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep, (not Even I was really tired ...) Even — Unit 112 Exercises 113.1 Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box. Unit 113 I didn't speak the language I had never seen her before it was quite cold I'd met her twice before he has a very important job we don't like them very much the heating was on we've known each other a long time ■■mm.ih.M^..A..ym..W^J>i....., he isn't particularly well-paid. 3 Sb e wasn't wearing a coat . , I recognised her from a photograph 4 We thought we'd better invite them to the party . 2 a b ............................................................................................................................, I managed to make myself understood 0 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... , the room wasn't warm 7 I didn't recognise her.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 We're not very good friends............................................................................................................................................................................ 113.2 Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of. 1 .....Although.....jt rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. ..........................................................all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong. ..........................................................we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong 3 a I went home early........................................................................I was feeling unwell. b I went to work the next day........................................................................ I was still feeling unwell. 4 a She only accepted the job........................................................................the salary, which was very high. b She accepted the job........................................................................the salary, which was rather low. 5 a I managed to get to sleep........................................................................there was a lot of noise. b I couldn't get to sleep........................................................................the noise. Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences: 6 a He passed the exam although ................................................................................................................................................................. b He passed the exam because .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 a I didn't eat anything although ................................................................................................................................................................ b I didn't eat anything in spite of............................................................................................................................................................. 113.3 Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences. 1 I couldn't sleep. I was very tired, (despite) .....I couldn't sleep despite being verij tired-..................................................................................................................... 2 They have very little money. They are happy, (in spite of) In spite....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village, (although) 4 I enjoyed the film. The story was silly, (in spite of) 5 We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other, (despite) 6 I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes, (even though) 113.4 Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end. 1 The house isn't very nice. (like / garden) ..... ■?.(. M-ii-r though. 2 It's warm today, (very windy) 3 We didn't like the food, (ate) 4 Liz is very nice, (don't like / husband) I........................................ -» Additional exercise 32 (page 321) 227