International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW)

International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW)

Ethics in Social Work, Statement of Principles

1. Preface

Ethical awareness is a fundamental part of the professional practice of social workers. Their
ability and commitment to act ethically is an essential aspect of the quality of the service
offered to those who use social work services.

The purpose of IASSW and IFSW's work on ethics is to promote ethical debate and reflection in the
member organisations, among the providers of social work in member countries, as well as in the
schools of social work and among social work students. Some ethical challenges and problems facing
social workers are specific to particular countries; others are common. By staying at the level of
general principles, the joint IASSW and IFSW statement aims to encourage social workers across the
world to reflect on the challenges and dilemmas that face them and make ethically informed
decisions about how to act in each particular case. Some of these problem areas include:
* The fact that the loyalty of social workers is often in the middle of conflicting interests
* The fact that social workers function as both helpers and controllers
* The conflicts between the duty of social workers to protect the interests of the people with
whom they work and societal demands for efficiency and utility.
* The fact that resources in society are limited

This document takes as its starting point the definition of social work adopted separately by the
IFSW and IASSW at their respective General Meeting in Montreal, Canada in July 2000 and then agreed
as a joint one in Copenhagen in May 2001 (section 2). This definition stresses principles of human
rights and social justice. The next section (3) makes reference to the various declarations and
conventions on human rights that are relevant to social work, followed by a statement of general
ethical principles under the two broad headings of human rights and dignity and social justice
(section 4). The final section introduces some basic guidance on ethical conduct in social work,
which it is expected will be elaborated by the ethical guidance and in various codes and guidelines
of the member organisations of IFSW and IASSW.

2. Definition of Social Work

The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour
and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their
environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work.

3. International conventions

International human rights declarations and conventions form common standards of achievement, and
recognise rights that are accepted by the global community. Documents particularly relevant to
social work practice and action are:
* Universal Declaration of Human Rights
* The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
* The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights
* The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
* The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
* The Convention on the Rights of the Child
* Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO convention 169)

4. Principles

4.1. Human Rights and Human Dignity

Social work is based on respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people, and the rights
that follow from this. Social workers should uphold and defend each person’s physical,
psychological, emotional and spiritual integrity and well-being. This means:
1. Respecting the right to self-determination - Social workers should respect and promote people’s
right to make their own choices and decisions, irrespective of their values and life choices,
provided this does not threaten the rights and legitimate interests of others.
2. Promoting the right to participation - Social workers should promote the full involvement and
participation of people using their services in ways that enable them to be empowered in all
aspects of decisions and actions affecting their lives.
3. Treating each person as a whole - Social workers should be concerned with the whole person,
within the family, community and societal and natural environments, and should seek to recognise
all aspects of a person’s life.
4. Identifying and developing strengths – Social workers should focus on the strengths of all
individuals, groups and communities and thus promote their empowerment.

4.2. Social justice

Social workers have a responsibility to promote social justice, in relation to society generally,
and in relation to the people with whom they work. This means:
1. Challenging negative discrimination (1) - Social workers have a responsibility to challenge
negative discrimination on the basis of characteristics such as ability, age, culture, gender or
sex, marital status, socio-economic status, political opinions, skin colour, racial or other
physical characteristics, sexual orientation, or spiritual beliefs.
2. Recognising diversity – Social workers should recognise and respect the ethnic and cultural
diversity of societies in which they practice, taking account of individual, family, group and
community differences.
3. Distributing resources equitably – Social workers should ensure that resources at their
disposal are distributed fairly, according to need.

(1) In some countries the term “discrimination” would be used instead of “negative discrimination”.
The word negative is used here because in some countries the term “positive discrimination” is also
used. Positive discrimination is also known as “affirmative action”. Positive discrimination or
affirmative action means positive steps taken to redress the effects of historical discrimination
against the groups named in clause 4.2.1 above.

4. Challenging unjust policies and practices – Social workers have a duty to bring to the
attention of their employers, policy makers, politicians and the general public situations where
resources are inadequate or where distribution of resources, policies and practices are oppressive,
unfair or harmful.
5. Working in solidarity - Social workers have an obligation to challenge social conditions that
contribute to social exclusion, stigmatisation or subjugation, and to work towards an inclusive
society.

5. Professional conduct

It is the responsibility of the national organisations in membership of IFSW and IASSW to develop
and regularly update their own codes of ethics or ethical guidelines, to be consistent with the
IFSW/ IASSW statement. It is also the national organisation’s responsibility to inform social
workers and schools of social work about these codes or guidelines.

Social workers should act in accordance with the ethical code or guidelines current in their
country. These will generally include more detailed guidance in ethical practice specific to the
national context. The following general guidelines on professional conduct apply:
1. Social workers are expected to develop and maintain the required skills and competence to do
their job.
2. Social workers should not allow their skills to be used for inhumane purposes, such as torture
or terrorism.
3. Social workers should act with integrity. This includes not abusing the relationship of trust
with the people using their services, recognising the boundaries between personal and professional
life, and not abusing their position for personal benefit or gain.
4. Social workers should act in relation to the people using their services with compassion,
empathy and care.
5. Social workers should not subordinate the needs or interests of people who use their services
to their own needs or interests.
6. Social workers have a duty to take necessary steps to care for themselves professionally and
personally in the workplace and in society, in order to ensure that they are able to provide
appropriate services.
7. Social workers should maintain confidentiality regarding information about people who use their
services. Exceptions to this may only be justified on the basis of a greater ethical requirement
(such as the preservation of life).
8. Social workers need to acknowledge that they are accountable for their actions to the users of
their services, the people they work with, their colleagues, their employers, the professional
association and to the law, and that these accountabilities may conflict.
9. Social workers should be willing to collaborate with the schools of social work inorder to
support social work students to get practical training of good quality and up to date practical
knowledge
10. Social workers should foster and engage in ethical debate with their colleagues and employers
and take responsibility for making ethically informed decisions.
11. Social workers should be prepared to state the reasons for their decisions based on ethical
considerations, and be accountable for their choices and actions.
12. Social workers should work to create conditions in employing agencies and in their countries
where the principles of this statement and those of their own national code (if applicable) are
discussed, evaluated and upheld.

The document “Ethics in Social Work, Statement of Principles” was approved at the General Meetings
of the International Federation of Social Workers and the International Association of Schools of
Social Work in Adelaide, Australia, October 2004