WORDSAND FEELINGS
SPEAKING
A Talking on your own
Work in pairs as Student A and B. Try to speak for about one minute.
Student A: Describe and compare what the people are doing in both pictures. Say whether you have ever taken part in occasions like these.
Student B: Describe and compare how the people might be feeling in both pictures. Say where you think the pictures were taken.
B Discussion
1 Describe other gestures you often see people making. Can you express their meaning in words?
2 Which do you think is better, expressing your feelings openly or keeping them to yourself? Why?
READING
A Seven sentences have been removed from this article. Choose from sentences A-H the one that fits each gap (1-6). There is one sentence you do not need. An example is given (0).
People use both words and gestures to express their feelings. Can you be sure you really know what these words and gestures mean? 1 0 [ H \
It is true that a smile means more or less the same thing in any language, even though the things that make people smile may be very different. Laughter and crying also have universal meanings. It is equally true that there are many similarities in the ways in which humans and animals show their feelings. I
Fear and surprise are other emotions that are often shown in much the same way all over the world. A phrase like 'he went pale and began to tremble' suggests that the man was either afraid or had just had a nasty shock in any language. [ 2 | |
Nevertheless, even surprise is not always easy to recognize. In Chinese, this emotion can be described in a phrase like 'they stretched out their tongues'. In a language like English, however, sticking out your tongue usually has a different meaning.
Even in the same culture, people differ in their ability to interpret and express feelings. | 4 |    | The same studies suggest that body language - the way we suggest our feelings in our physical movements and posture - is another problem. Older people in North America seem to find it easier to interpret than younger people.
In another famous experiment, there was clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is physical pain. | 5      | They could see only her face. She later died. However, more than ninety per cent of the audience believed she was experiencing great physical pleasure.
Psychologists such as E.G. Beier have also shown that some people often give completely the wrong impression of how they feel. \ 6 \    1 When they try to show interest, it seems to others that they are indifferent. This can happen even among close friends or members of the same family. In other words, what you think you communicate through words and body language may be the exact opposite of what other people actually understand.
A In the same way, 'Her mouth fell open and she stared at me,' also suggests that something has just happened or been said which the woman did not expect.
B It suggests disgust, as if you had just tasted
something unpleasant or seen something horrible.
C For example, they try to show affection but actually communicate dislike.
D University students were shown part of a film in which a woman in China was suffering while giving birth to a baby.
E When they are bored, they make it very clear by the way they look at you.
F Dogs and tigers, for instance, show their teeth in the same way we do when they are angry.
G Experiments in the United States have shown that women there are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and hate in people's faces.
H After all, they can be interpreted in many different ways.
B In pairs or groups, answer these questions. Then check your answers with other groups.
1 Give an example from the text of the way in which one emotion is expressed differently in two different cultures.
2 Give an example of how people can give other people the opposite impression of the feeling they are really trying to express.
3 Describe as fully as possible the experiment that showed which particular feeling is the most difficult to recognize.
SPEAKING_
Talking about yourself
Work in pairs or groups. If you are working in groups of three or more, try to get at least two different answers to each question.
1 Name something that makes you feel depressed when you see or hear it, or when it happens to you.
2 Describe a moment in your life when you felt very happy.
3 Is there anything you are afraid of?
4 Describe something that someone you know finds exciting.
5 Describe your idea of a pleasant way to spend the weekend.
LANGUAGE STUDY
Comparisons >• GS 1.3
A Complete these sentences.
1 Some emotions_easier to express than
others.
2 Women are better_recognizing emotions
than men are.
3 I find it much easier to understand emotions _to express them.
4 Some feelings aren't as easy to describe_
others are.
5 Everybody likes being happy_than being
unhappy.
6 We all prefer happiness_unhappiness.
B Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
1 Is it easier for you to express anger than disgust?
find   Do you_anger than
disgust?
2 Can you understand words more easily than gestures?
better   Are you_
gestures?
3 Anger is easy to express. Disgust is difficult, more   Disgust is_anger.
4 You find it more difficult to express anger than I do.
harder   It's_anger than it
is for me.
5 Some rules are easy to understand. Others aren't.
difficult   Some rules are_
_others.
6 The last exercise was very difficult. This one is easy.
much   This exercise is_
the last one.
7 Do you think women are more careful drivers than men?
carefully   In your opinion, do women _men do?
8 Japanese is difficult. Is Chinese, too?
as   Is Chinese_Japanese?
9 I like this colour more than the other one. prefer   I_the other one.
10 I think you look better in blue than in red. like   I_than in red.
11 I don't like cooking food very much but I like eating it.
more   I enjoy_cooking it.
12 The last exercise was difficult. Was this one difficult, too?
as   Was this exercise_the
last one?
74 *•   UNIT 10
FOCUS ONE
FOCUS ONE
UNIT 10  « 75
SPEAKING
VOCABULARY
In the following pictures, each face is expressing a particular feeling. But is it clear from the expressions what the feelings are? People often disagree in their interpretation of such expressions. In pairs or groups, decide what you think each person is feeling.
/
A Use the words in capital letters to form a word that fills each space. An example is given (0).
There is one particular (0) feel'm® which I find
difficult to express. When I am (1)_about
something, I say nothing. Once, for example, after I
had bought a very (2)___jacket, I met a friend in
a cafe who said that the jacket didn't fit me very
(3)__. I was very (4)__but I said nothing.
I didn't feel like continuing our (5)_. My
friend noticed my (6)_and asked me what
was wrong. I couldn't tell him the (7)___. I
began to feel rather (8)__and left without
giving him an (9)___. Later I felt rather
(10)_of my behaviour.
0 FEEL 6
ANGER
EXPENSE
GOOD
ANNOY
CONVERSE
7
8
9 10
SILENT TRUE
EMBARRASS
EXPLAIN
SHAME
B In pairs or groups, find out if there is a particular feeling your partners find difficult to express. Can they describe a situation in which they found it difficult to express this feeling?
C One word in each group does not belong with the other three. Can you explain why?
1 annoyed   angry impatient embarrassing
2 ashamed frightened worried terrified
3 surprising extraordinary horrified unbelievable
4 depressing disappointed sad unhappy
5 wonderful marvellous satisfied excellent
6 awful terrible horrible satisfactory
7 pleased adequate   cheerful content
8 cool indifferent surprised bored
D Which of the words in C can you use
a) to describe your own feelings?
b) to describe the events, things or people that cause those feelings?
c) if you feel you have done something wrong?
d) about people, events or things that you think are good?
e) to describe things you think are very bad?
SPEAKING
LISTENING S
In pairs or groups, describe how you would probably feel in the following situations. Then describe what you would do and say in that situation.
Example: You invited someone you like to a party and they said they would come. Now that person has just told you that they can't come.
> I think I'd be disappointed. I'd probably try to persuade them to come all the same. Perhaps I would say, 'Are you sure you can't comet I was really looking forward to seeing you again.'
1 You took an important exam last month. The results have just come. You thought you had failed but your mark is excellent. A friend asks, 'How did you do in the exam?'
2 A friend is staying with you overnight. He or she went out after lunch to buy something, saying, 'I'll be right back.' It is getting dark and your friend hasn't come back yet.
3 You see a woman standing at a bus stop. Her back is turned but you are sure she's a good friend you haven't seen for a long time. You throw your arms around her. She turns. She's a total stranger.
4 A friend borrowed your dictionary an hour ago. The friend has just returned it. Some pages have been torn out of it.
5 It is evening. You have had a good meal at a reasonable price in a small restaurant. The waiter has just asked, 'Was everything all right?'
6 You have checked into a hotel. When you go to your room, you find dirty sheets on the bed. The toilet is filthy. You look under the bed. There is a dead rat there.
A Five different speakers describe their feelings now or in the past. Listen and decide which words (A-F) describe the feeling each speaker (1-5] is talking about. There is one letter you do not need.
A very excited Speaker 1        I I
B very depressed Speaker 2       f |
C ashamed Speaker 3 I
D embarrassed Speaker 4
E very disappointed Speaker 5
F angry
B Now listen again and answer these questions about each speaker.
Speaker 1
1 Who is the other person the speaker talks about?
2 What happened that Wednesday evening?
3 What did the speaker say to himself when it happened?
Speaker 2
1 Who were the two other people she talks about?
2 What had she planned to do with one of these people?
3 Explain why she didn't do what she had planned to do.
Speaker 3
1 How old do you think the speaker is?
2 Who is the other person he talks about?
3 What do you think has caused the speaker's feelings?
Speaker 4
1 When did the incident she describes happen?
2 Describe what happened after she went to her room.
Speaker 5
1 What is the event he describes?
2 Describe the most important thing that happened.
76
UNIT 10
FOCUS TWO
VOCABULARY
B
Work in pairs. One of you reads out the start of each sentence in column A. Your partner reads aloud the part of the sentence in column B that goes with what you have read out.
A
1
2
B
A burglar broke a) When she heard the b| terrible news, she broke c) They were married for three years and then d) they broke e) This terrible weather really gets me How can you get f)
The poor man never got g) Steel is a material that stands h) He really stands out. I i) mean
In Chinese, they use symbols that stand
up to a lot of stress, by on such a small salary?
for different words and ideas.
up and got a divorce, into our house and stole some money and other things, down. It's so depressing.
everybody notices him immediately, down and began to cry. over the shock of his wife's death.
Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
I can just about live on this amount of money.
get   I can_this amount of
money.
Some thieves managed to enter the bank illegally.
broken   The bank_some
thieves.
You mustn't allow your troubles to depress you, you know.
get   You mustn't let your troubles _, you know.
Her beauty attracted everyone's attention.
stood   She___because of
her beauty.
If you mention his name to her, she begins crying.
breaks   She_whenever
she hears his name.
This material resists wear and tear more than any other.
stands   No other material
_wear and tear better than
this one.
I'll never forget how rude he was to me.
get   I just can't_his
rudeness to me.
USE OF ENGLISH
A Read the text below. Think of the best word for each space. Use only one word each time. An example is given (0).
Why do we like some people more than we do others? Why do we fall (0) in        love? Astrologers say it is
determined (1)_the stars. Others believe in
fate. However, psychologist Angela Hubbard,
(2)_advises one of the biggest computer
dating services in the country, rejects these explanations. 'The reasons people are attracted to
each (3)_have been known for a very long
time. There are four main reasons, and there's nothing mysterious about (4)_,' she says.
The first reason is Frequency of Contact; the
(5)_often we see a person, the more likely it
is that we will become friends or lovers. Angela
describes a well-known experiment that (6)_
place in the 1960s. 'People were shown photographs
of strangers and asked (7)_faces they liked
most. They didn't realize it but they were shown
(8)_photographs more frequently than others,
and these were of the faces they later said they liked.'
The second reason is Similarity of Interests. The
more interests we share (9)_another person,
the more likely it is that we will not only become friendly with that person but that our friendship will not break (10)_.
The third reason is called Complementary Qualities, which basically means that we are more
likely to like or love people (11)_personalities
balance our own in positive ways. If, for example you are a very quiet person, you may unconsciously look
(12)_a friend or a lover who has a need to talk
and who is more expressive than you are.
The fourth reason is Recognition and Reward. We
tend to like people who (13)_us a feeling that
they like and appreciate our good qualities
(14)_than reject us because of our faults.
However, most of us also tend to be suspicious
(15)_people who flatter us - who say nice
things about us but who we think are not really sincere.
B In groups or pairs, compare the words you chose for each space.
VOCABULARY
Complete the table. The first two examples have been done for you.
good
bad
happy
sad
big
small
interesting
boring
embarrassing wonderful
easy difficult cheap expensive
terrible
strange
better worse happier
bigger
more interesting more embarrassing
easier
cheaper
stranger
the best the worst the_
the saddest the
the smallest the_
the most boring
the_
the most wonderful
the_
the most difficult
the_
the most expensive the most terrible the_
USE OF ENGLISH
Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
1 I've never eaten food this good before.
best   This is the__ever eaten.
2 I've never had a meal that was so bad before, ever   This is the_had.
3 I think that no city is more beautiful than Paris, most   I think Paris_in the world.
4 I've never read an article as shocking as this before.
ever   This article is the most_read.
Nothing has ever embarrassed me this much before.
so   I've_before.
Very few cities are as expensive as Tokyo.
one   Tokyo is_cities in the world.
Few languages are as difficult as Chinese and Japanese.
two   Chinese and Japanese are_
languages in the world.
I don't think anybody is as strange as Dan. one   Dan is_men I've ever met.
Nobody has ever bored me so much before, either.
most   He's also one of the_ever
met.
LANGUAGE STUDY
Preferences > GS 14.2
A Are your preferences the same as Dan's? If they aren't, say what you prefer.
1 Dan prefers cool, cloudy weather to warm, sunny weather.
2 He'd rather sit inside than be outside when the weather is good.
3 He prefers watching films on television to seeing them in a cinema.
4 If his friends ask him about his marriage, he usually says, 'I'd rather not talk about it if you don't mind.'
5 For his next holiday, he'd prefer to stay at home rather than go to a foreign country.
B
1
Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
Dan thinks English food is better than French food.
prefers   Dan_French
food.
He likes eating meat more than anything else.
rather   He'd_than
anything else.
If he has a choice between meat and fish, he always eats meat.
rather   He_fish.
Do you like meat more than fish?
prefer   Do__fish?
Which do you want to have, meat or fish?
rather   Which_have?
Meat or fish?
Do you think eating in restaurants is better than cooking your own food?
prefer   Do you_cooking
your own meals?
Do you want to go out rather than eat at home this evening?
prefer   Would_at home
this evening? Let's go out.
rather   I_go out.
Will you pay the bill?
mind   Would_the bill?
10 I don't want to answer that question.
rather I'd
11
12
question.
We don't want to do this exercise, so let's read a story instead.
rather   We'd_do this
exercise.
Isn't it better to stop instead of going on?
prefer   Wouldn't you_
go on?
78  •   UNIT 10
FOCUSTHREE
FOCUSTHREE
UNIT 10  • 79
WRITING
Transactional letter 3
For the Part 1 transactional letter you need to be able to write different types of letter, for example, a letter of thanks, an apology for something, an invitation.
A Sample task
Here is part of a letter you have received from a friend, Richard. Read the letter and your notes and write a suitable reply.
Busy, but"great.
So, how's your new job going? By the way, do you have any news about- 5tuart? I imagine he must be back from Nairobi by now, but I haven't got his new number   Bock lastweek-Stoyingibrayear-
courseatLSE. 0/7/844992/ Let's try and arrange a date to meet up again.
Hope to see you soon,   Party nexfFri S.30? Yours, Richard
B Now complete the letter below by choosing the best alternative, A, B or C. Remember that this is an informal letter to a Mend.
Dear (1)_
(2)_for your last letter. I'm sorry I haven't
written for so long, but I've been pretty busy with the new job. It's going really well - I've made lots of new friends, and I've been working on some very interesting projects.
(3)_you asked if I had any news about Stuart.
He came back from Nairobi a couple of weeks ago,
and in fact he (4)_me last Sunday. He's very
well, and he'll be staying for a year, because he's arranged to do an MBA at the London School of
Economics. He's (5)_with his parents at the
moment, but he's moving to a flat in Wimbledon next week, and his number will be 0171 844 9921.
(6)_I'm having a party next Friday at 8.30, and
I'd love you to come. I'm not sure who'll be there -1 think it'll be people from work mainly.
(7)_let me know if you can make it.
(8)__
James
1 A Richard   B Mr Richard   C Sir
2 A I would like to thank you   B I am grateful C Many thanks
3 A I shall get straight to the point   B Anyway C Furthermore
4 A got in touch with   B encountered C communicated with
5 A residing   B housed   C staying
6 A I would like to inform you that   B Finally C By the way
7 A Do   B I would be grateful if you could C Kindly
8 A Yours sincerely   B Love and kisses   C Yours
C Match the following sentences (1-6) with the sort of letters (a-f) they would come from.
1 Thank you very much indeed for the present.
2 I was so happy to hear your news. Well done!
3 I'm afraid that I won't be able to come.
4 I was very sorry to hear your news.
5 Would you like to have dinner on Sunday?
6 I'm writing to say sorry for being so rude.
a) apology
b) thanks
c) refusing an invitation
d) making an invitation
e) sympathy
f) congratulation
D Writing task
Below is part of a letter you have received from a friend who is in hospital after a minor operation. Write a suitable reply based on the letter and your notes.
so sorry
And theysayI've got to stay here tor another week or so. Anyway, do letme knowyournews-how was your holiday? If you have any time to spare, do come andvisit. Itisn 'tfoo bad, but as I said ifs very boring. I haven 'tgotanythingVo read or even a radio. ifsashame^myyarentsare away, but I suppose that'sfastlife, isn 'tit?   okay, but terrible!
^> Mrt-t-  -4- ill /"ll
See you soon, will bring radio -any requests for books, etc?
not till next Monday
Sam
visiting hours?
E Read these notes before yon write your letter.
Write in a suitably informal style. You can organize your letter as follows:
Say you're sorry to hear Sam is in hospital - no one told you.
Many thanks for your letter. I was so sorry...
Tell him briefly about your holiday.
Suggest a day to visit and ask about visiting hours.
I'm a bit busy for the next two days, but...
Suggest bringing a radio and offer to bring some things
to read.
If you like, I'll... Finish in a suitable way.
80
UNIT 10
FOCUS FOUR
REVISION AND EXTENSION
Here is another part of the letter that Sam wrote. Choose the best word A, B, C or Dr to fill spaces 1-15.
It all happened rather quickly - the doctor realized that I needed to have my appendix out immediately,
to (1)_things from getting any (2)____,
and they operated (3)_me straight away. But
I'm not feeling too bad and I'm getting (4)__all
the time. The doctors say it will take about a week for me to (5)_the operation completely.
I'm in quite a large ward with about 20 other
people, and (6)_I would (7)_to be
somewhere a bit smaller, we all (8)_with
each other quite well.
Still, I do find it a bit (9)_
. here - there's get up unless
nothing to do. They say I (10)_
it's absolutely necessary, so I can't even get to the TV
room . Unfortunately I didn't have the (11)_
to get home before coming in, so I haven't got any
money. (12)_I'm sure one of the nurses would
probably (13)_me enough to buy a paper, I'd
(14) emi		not ask as	I'd (15	it a
	)arrassing.			
1	A	prevent	C	block
	B	forbid	D	avoid
2	A	bad	C	serious
	B	dangerous	D	worse
3	A	on	C	at
	B	up	D	in
4	A	improved	C	finer
	B	good	D	better
	A	get at	C	get over
	B	get through	D	get along
6	A	although	C	unless
	B	despite	D	except
7	A	better	C	more
	B	want	D	prefer
8	A	get down	C	get by
	B	get on	D	get out of
9	A	annoying	C	entertaining
	B	irritating	D	boring
10	A	don't have to	C	mustn't
	B	needn't	D	don't need to
11	A	opportunity	C	occasion
	B	possibility	D	permission
12	A	In spite	C	Unless
	B	Despite	D	Even though
13	A	owe	C	borrow
	B	lend	D	debt
14	A	better	C	prefer
	B	rather	D	want
15	A	feel	C	think
	B	see	D	find
LISTENING S
Listen to the conversation about a swimming accident, and decide which of the following statements are true (T) and which are false (F).
1 fenny thinks it might be useful to learn
how to life-save. IZ1
2 Peter was taught to life-save in the open sea. O
3 The hotel owner was very rude to everyone except Peter. i '
4 The hotel owner told the group that swimming was dangerous. L~J
5 The friends were all longing to go for
a swim. D
6 They had had a boring time in the mountains.
7 Peter considered himself to be an experienced swimmer. 1J
8 Chris and Peter wanted to try out
their surf-boards. LJ
9 A big wave dragged Chris under the water. LJ
10 Chris was unable to swim because he was injured. C
11 Peter held Chris's arm and pulled him
back to the beach. I \
12 In the end, Jenny changes her mind
about life-saving. Li
FOCUS FIVE
UNIT 10
81