THE FACE BEHIND THE MASK
SPEAKING
Talking on your own
Work in pairs as Student A and B. Try to speak for about one minute.
Student A: Describe and compare what the people are wearing in both pictures. Say why you think they are dressed like this.
Student B:  Describe and compare what the people are doing and say how you think they might be feeling in both pictures.
READING
A Read the following story, which appeared in a British newspaper.
For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals at night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people's lives. He had even been ' allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was choking to death on something she had swallowed.
'I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope and walked around one of the biggest hospitals in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and other doctors, it's easy to take people in,' he said.
One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had almost been run over by a car and passed out. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.
'He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,' she said. Although he left a very nasty bruise on her arm, and then suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was, she didn't think there was anything wrong. 'I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn't showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.'
Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was 'shocked and horrified' that he got away with his deception for so long, and then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminals with mental disorders.
'I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after your release, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence/ Judge Adams warned York.
B Choose the best answer.
1 York was proud of the fact that
A people thought he was a real doctor.
B a surgeon let him watch an operation.
C he had performed a doctor's duties successfully.
D he had pretended for so long to be a doctor.
2 York learned how to behave like a doctor by A getting some training and experience.
B watching doctors while he pretended to be one.
C observing doctors while he was a patient.
D acting the part of a doctor in a television drama.
3 Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?
A She had swallowed something and almost died.
B She had to have an emergency operation.
C She had been involved in a road accident.
D She had lost consciousness while driving.
4 When York gave Laura Kennan an injection, she A had no idea he was not a proper doctor.
B realized he was not her usual doctor. C told a policewoman about him. D asked a nurse who he was.
5 The judge at his trial was shocked because York A felt he had done nothing wrong.
B had had no proper medical training. C seemed so proud of what he had done. D had not been detected earlier.
6 The judge was worried that York would A be in prison for only eighteen months. B not get the treatment he needed.
C learn to act just like a psychiatrist.
D persuade himself that he was a psychiatrist.
7 What general impression does the article give us of Dominic York?
A He wanted to train to be a doctor. B He was good at pretending to be a doctor. C He wanted to cause other people suffering. D He actually believed he was a doctor.
C Find the phrasal verbs in 1-3 below and answer the questions.
1 What will Dominic York have to give up doing if he doesn't want to spend more time in prison?
2 Do people look up to doctors in your country?
3 If you don't understand a word here, where can you look it up?
LANGUAGE STUDY
although and despite > GS 6.4
A Which sentences suggest something unusual?
a) He was able to do such things because of his medical qualifications.
b) He was able to do such things despite his lack of medical qualifications.
c) He saved the patient's life although he had no medical qualifications.
d) He saved the patient's life because he had medical qualifications.
B In which of the above sentences can you take one word out and use these words instead?
1  in spite of 2   even though
C Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
1 The weather was good but we stayed indoors.
despite   We stayed indoors_
__weather.
2 Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
although   People still want cars_•
_pollution.
3 He has a pleasant manner but he's a bad doctor.
despite   He isn't a good doctor_
_manner.
4 In spite of her illness, my mother never complained.
although   My mother never complained _ill.
5 The weather is terrible but tourists come here.
despite   Tourists come here_
_weather.
6 Dan never talks to Mary but she still loves him.
although   Mary still loves Dan__
_her.
7 I don't like this job although the salary is good.
despite   I don't like this job_
_salary.
8 This exercise is very long but I hope it isn't boring.
although   I hope this exercise isn't_
_very long.
66 *•   UNIT 9
FOCUS ONE
FOCUS ONE
UNIT 9   • 67
USE OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE STUDY
LISTENING m
VOCABULARY
You are going to hear a short news report from a local radio station in England. Listen at least once and then choose the best answer, A, B or C.
This is a story about a man who
A was attacked by a gorilla.
B pretended to be a gorilla.
C saw a gorilla attack someone in a park.
When the man's mother was alive, she A didn't want him to meet other people, B introduced him to other people. C used to disturb him at night.
After his mother died, he
A began having more contact with women.
B attacked a gorilla in a zoo.
C got a strange idea from watching television.
One evening he frightened some people in a park
by
A pretending to be a wild animal.
B hiding in a tree and making loud noises.
C shouting that there was a gorilla in the trees.
Three months later, the man
A took away an old woman's dog.
B was caught after running away from a woman.
C helped a policeman to arrest a man.
The woman didn't think he was dangerous
because
A his movements were so strange.
B his skin was so white under his hair.
C his feet did not look like a gorilla's.
A In pairs or groups, find the phrasal verb in each question (a-i). Then match the phrasal verb with its meaning (1-9).
a) What did Rodney Bunting (the man in the park) start doing after his mother passed away?
b) What did he put on before he went into the park?
c) What happened after he tried to get away from the old woman and her dog?
d) What gave him away?
e) How long did Dominic York (the man who pretended to be a doctor) get away with his deception?
f) Was Laura Kennan taken in by him?
g) What had happened to her just before she passed out?
h) Does the article say who almost ran her over?
i) Why did York suddenly clear off after he gave her an injection?
1 do something bad and not be caught
2 lose consciousness
3 show the truth about
4 die
5 leave suddenly
6 get dressed in
7 escape from
8 hit with a car
9 be deceived
B Now answer questions a-i in A.
Most lines contain an unnecessary word. Underline these words and tick any lines that are correct. There are two examples (0) and (00).
00 I have been read the article about Dominic
0 York several times. However, I feel that it /
1 raises up many questions which I cannot
2 find answers to them. How could he deceive
3 people despite of his lack of medical
4 qualifications? It seems as very strange that
5 nobody questioned him and asked for proof
6 that he was a real doctor. It seems like
7 impossible that nobody asked him what he
8 was doing even though there were many of
9 people in the hospital. Also, how could he
10 keep coming back day after a day without
11 someone stopping him and making him to
12 show proof that he was really a doctor? I also
13 wonder me how he could have been allowed
14 to help to a surgeon. I must say that I can't
15 help it thinking that this is not a true story.
After you have corrected the lines with words that should not be there, read aloud to each other complete and correct sentences from the text. However, pause just before the last word of each sentence. Can your partner remember the word without looking at the text?
A In pairs or groups, study the pairs of sentences below for a few minutes. In which pairs do the sentences have a similar meaning? Where there is a difference in meaning, change the phrasal verb in the first sentence.
1  The thief cleared up before the police came.
The thief left before the police came. 1  The manager told the waiter to clear off.
The manager told the waiter to clean the tables.
3 The restaurant manager has taken in three new waitresses.
The restaurant manager has given jobs to three new waitresses.
4 What gave him away was the fact that he was wearing tennis shoes.
The fact that he was wearing tennis shoes showed that he was not really a gorilla.
5 She passed away yesterday. She fainted yesterday.
6 I ran over an old friend yesterday.
I happened to meet an old friend yesterday.
B Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
1 His mother died last year.
passed   His mother_year.
2 When I heard the news, I fainted.
passed   I_the news.
this
The driver skidded and hit a dog.
ran   The driver skidded and_
_a dog.
Please help me to make this room tidy.
clear   Will you_
room?
The thief left with all the money.
cleared   The thief__
all the money.
When you lie, some gestures can show you are lying.
give   Some gestures can_
when you lie.
Is it true that you haven't found a job yet? looking   Are you still_job?
wi
th
Did that man deceive you too? take   Did he__
as well?
68   •   UNIT 9
FOCUS TWO
FOCUS TWO
UNIT 9  • 69
READING
A You are going to read an article written by Linda Rossner, a young comedian who performs in small clubs in London and on the South Coast of England. First look at the eight headings below (A-H). Then read the article. It is in seven parts. Choose the heading that you think best summarizes each part. There is one heading you don't need.
A The secret I had to keep
B Learning through observation
C How I suddenly became a star performer
D A painful but important lesson
E Then it happened again
F The most important skill of all
G How I first realized I could be a comedian
H Losing my first job
H
I left school when I was seventeen. Even though I didn't have the right qualifications, I managed to find a job as a secretary in a private bus company. Then the company was taken over by a bigger company that cut back on running costs and laid thirty people off, including me.
My older sister was sharing a small flat with two other girls in London. She agreed to put me up until I found a job and a place of my own there. At first, things didn't seem too bad. I soon got a part-time job in a video shop, but I didn't get on with my boss. After I'd been there for a week, we had a terrible row and I walked out.
I didn't say a word about this to my sister. I pretended to go to work every day. I got up every morning, just as usual, and then walked the streets. I even stopped people and asked them for money. I wasn't too proud to do that, even though I was too proud to tell my sister what had really happened. I knew that if I told her, she'd tell my parents back home and they'd insist that I come back to live with them. I just couldn't let them know.
Then I found another part-time job selling drinks at the bar of a comedy club in South London. One evening, one of the acts was a man imitating famous  people.   The  manager  of  the club
happened to be standing next to me and asked me what I thought of the act. I said 'It's terrible. I could do better myself!' I meant it, too. I'd always been good at doing things like that and making people laugh at school, but it had never occurred to me until then that perhaps I could actually make a living that way.
I wish I could say that all my troubles ended there, and that the manager immediately gave me a chance and I was huge success. What really happened was that I spent a year working every evening at the bar. I learned as much as I could by watching the performers.
Then I got a chance to do my own act at another club in Brighton. To be honest, at first I was awful. I quickly learned it isn't enough to imitate famous people. You have to make the audience laugh at the same time and that's a thousand times more difficult.
E
Since then, I've learned a lot about the art of timing. You have to get your timing as sharp as a razor. Just before the 'punch line' - the words the audience is supposed to laugh at - a good comedian slows down just a little, and pauses so slightly that you're hardly aware of it. You don't notice it at all if a performer is really good. Comedy is sometimes very hard work, I can tell you!
B In pairs or groups, decide which of the statements below about Linda Rossner are true and which are false. Always read aloud the part of the text that you think gives you the answer.
Example: She got a university education.
>■ False. 'I left school when I was seventeen.'
1 She was lucky to get her first job.
2 She lost her first job after an argument with the management.
3 She lived with her sister in London for a while.
4 She had serious problems in her second job.
5 She didn't want her family to know what she was really doing after suddenly leaving her second job.
6 Something very important happened in her next job.
7 As soon as she became a comedian, she was a great success.
8 She finds it very difficult to understand how comedians make people laugh.
9 Good comedians do something that most of us never really notice.
SPEAKING
A In pairs or groups, first read aloud to your
partners the short text below. It was also written by Linda Rossner.
One of the people I most admire is a great comedian you have probably never heard of. His name was Frankie Howerd. He died while I was still at school. When I first saw him on TV, I didn't think he was funny at all and just couldn't understand why everyone was laughing. Now I realise it was his wonderful art of timing.
B Continue working in pairs or groups. Ask and answer these questions.
1 Who is someone you admire?
2 Why do you admire him or her?
3 Can you remember the first time you heard, saw or read about this person? How old were you? What was your first impression of this person from what you heard, saw or read?
LANGUAGE STUDY > gs 5 2 3
A Explain the difference in meaning.
a) You can't let me do this.
b) You can't make me do this.
c| It's your fault. You let me do it.
d) It's your fault. You made me do it.
e) Frankie Howerd had a great talent for making people laugh.
f) This new petrol will make your car go faster.
me speak!
_ people learn if they don't
• Repeat only the sentences that mean 'allow me to'.
• Now repeat the sentences that mean 'force me to'.
• Repeat the sentences in which make has the meaning 'cause someone or something to do something'.
B Complete the following sentences.
1 You can't come in here. I won't_you!
2 You don't understand. Please_me explain.
3 Please, I beg you._
4 There is no way to _ want to.
5 Do you really expect me to believe that? Don't _me laugh.
6 My boss tried to_me work for nothing.
7 You will tell me your secrets. I have ways of_
you tell them to me!
8 Would you_me use your dictionary for a
moment?
C Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word.
1 If you put this in your car, it will go faster, make   This will_faster.
2 I tried to explain the problem to you but you refused to listen.
let   You wouldn't_the
problem to you.
3 Did the manager give Linda a chance to perform that evening?
let   Did the manager_
that evening?
4 She was afraid they would insist on her coming home.
make   She thought they would try to _home.
5 You can talk all you want, but I will never believe you.
make   Nothing you say will_
_you.
6 What is your reason for thinking I'm lying? make s   What_I'm lying ?
7 Something in the drink caused me to fall asleep.
made   Something in the drink_
_asleep.
8 Thank you for allowing me to use your dictionary.
letting Thanks for_
dictionary.
70   •  UNIT 9
FOCUSTHREE
FOCUSTHREE
UNIT 9   • 71
WRITING_
Article 1
If you are asked to write an article in Part 2 of Paper 2, you need to check what sort of audience you are writing for and choose a suitable style. For example, if it is an article for a magazine directed at young people, you will need to try and make it informal and chatty. Don't be afraid to use your imagination for what to include in your article!
A Sample Task
A magazine for young people is doing a feature on Chinese Horoscopes, which are based on the year in which you were born. You have been asked to write an article of between 120 and 180 words on the Year of the Snake. Write your article.
B Read this answer.
CHINESE HOROSCOPES
If you're reading this, I suppose you were born in the Year of the Snake. You were probably secretly hoping that your Chinese sign would be a Dragon or a Horse. But don't feel too bad. As far as Chinese horoscopes are concerned, Snakes are great.
Above all, people born in the Year of the Snake are wise and have good organizational skills. You're attractive and sophisticated, and everyone admires your intelligence and charm. You're always calm and decisive, and people feel they can talk to you because you are sensitive and sympathetic too.
It must be said though, that you do have some faults. People born in the Year of the Snake are changeable and can be very spiteful and unforgiving under the wrong circumstances.
As far as romance is concerned, you're compatible with people born in the Year of the Ox, as they are quiet and have strong personalities. You also get on well with people born in the Year of the Rooster, as they are lively and amusing.
Look at the words at the top of the next column, which are used to describe people's characters. Write a, b or c next to each word to show whether you think these qualities are:
a good b bad
c sometimes good and sometimes bad
When you have finished, compare your answers with your partner.
aggressive enthusiastic rude nervous careless conceited tolerant relaxed patient easy-going mean competitive polite kind ambitious selfish
shy
a sense of humour tense frank talkative quick-tempered generous considerate
D Choose five qualities from C above. Write a paragraph to describe a person you know, using the words you have chosen and explaining what you mean. Below is an example.
Margaret was a wonderful person to go on holiday with. She was very considerate and unselfish, and never made us do anything we didn't want. She had a great sense of humour, and kept us amused the whole time with her stories. She was easy-going, and was always ready to come on trips with us even when she might have preferred to go elsewhere. Last but not least she was generous, and took us out to several meals at good restaurants.
E Writing task
An international magazine for young people has asked you to write an article about your star sign for a feature on horoscopes.
F Look through these notes before you write your article.
Think of the target audience. You are writing for young people, so keep the style friendly and chatty. Imagine you are talking to a friend you know well.
Paragraph 1: Think of an opening sentence that will catch the reader's attention. You can address the reader directly if you like. Paragraph 2: Give details of the good points of this star sign, and try to give detailed examples that illustrate what you mean. Don't just give a list of adjectives! Look back at the sample answer if necessary. Paragraph 3: Give details of some of the bad points of this star sign. Again, give more than just a list.
Paragraph 4: Give details of which other star signs are compatible or incompatible with yours as far as romance is concerned. Write between 120 and 180 words. Remember to check your work for grammar, style, spelling and punctuation.
REVISION AND EXTENSION
Changing nouns to adjectives
A In English, nouns can often be changed into adjectives by putting -y or -ful on the end. Look at these examples.
a) There is a lot of dirt in this room,
h) This room is very dirty.
c) Thanks for all your help.
d) You have been very helpful.
1 Which of the words are nouns?
2 Which of the words arc adjectives?
B Give the missing form of the words below.
NOUN FORM
grass
1 care
2
3
4
5
6
7 peace
health
hope
9
10 _
11 salt
12 _
ADJECTIVE FORM
cheerful
noisy
funny
smoky
useful
shameful
Adjectives to nouns
C But adjectives can also be changed back into nouns. Look at these examples.
a) How high is that building?
b) What is the height of that buildingl
c) Be patient.
d) Patience is important.
1 Which of the words above are adjectives?
2 Which words are nouns?
Complete these sentences.
1  How deep is the pool? - What is the_
of the pool?
He is strong. - He has great___
It isn't important. - It has no_
Is it possible? - Is this a___?
Be honest! -_is important.
You are very intelligent. - I'm impressed by your
D Adjectives to adverbs
1  Most adjectives can be made into adverbs by adding -ly. Adjectives ending in -y add -ily.
quick - quickly   slow - slowly   easy - easily
2 Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form: fast, hard, late.
3 Good is an adjective. Well is the adverb.
4 Some adjectives already end in -ly. We cannot make an adverb. Instead, we use the phrase in a ... way.
She gave me a friendly smile, (adjective) She smiled at me in a friendly way.
Supply the missing words or phrases in the table.
ADJECTIVE
good
nice
hard
lively
fast
ADVERB OR PHRASE
heavily
beautifully temporarily
badly
E Complete this letter with the correct form of the word in brackets. Use nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Dear Jack
I am staying in a very 1 (comfort) hotel in the south of France, near a 2 (sand) beach. Unfortunately it has been very 3 (wind) and the hotel itself is very
4 (expense).
Another problem is that the chef can't cock very
5 (good). The food is rather 6 (grease) and I have been
7 (hunger) most of the time because I have had great
8 (difficult) in finding anything 9 (suitably) on the menu.
However, I have been very impressed by the
10 (beautiful) of the surroundings and the 11 (kind) of
the people. It is true that I have suffered a bit from
12 (boring) but I always do when I'm not 13 (full)
occupied. Sometimes I feel 14 (sleep) in the middle of
the day and have a short nap, which I am very
15 (thank) for. Unfortunately I sleep quite 16 (bad) at
night because the people in the room next to me snore
17 (terrible).
Anyway, I'm leaving this Friday. The drive back will
18 (probable) take me two or three days, as long as the traffic isn't too 19 (badly). I'll get in touch
20 (immediate) I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for a meal.
See you soon, Grace
72*«   UNIT 9
FOCUS FOUR
FOCUS FIVE
UNIT 9   • 73