UNIT 9
A Reading
Read the text and choose the best answer in 1-6.
Western people rely on technical and mechanical solutions in everything they do. Refrigerators preserve their food, washing machines clean their underwear and computers are supposed to solve all their problems.When they are ill, they rely on the surgeon's knife. If their hearts are running down, then they must be repaired; if they cannot be repaired, they should be replaced, just as an old car sometimes gets a new engine. But up to now we have had a shortage of donors to give their hearts: to keep one person alive, another donor had to die.
Nowadays there is more and more talk about using monkeys. Every monkey has a near-human heart,and humans have always been over careful in respecting the lives and well-being of other animals.This includes the life and well-being of other humans.Therefore in the early years of the 21 st century - I was told - the mass killings of monkeys may occur. We'll need to use their hearts for human consumption.
Monkeys, on the whole, are happier creatures than their near relatives, Homo Sapiens, or man.They know fear, of course, and they face real dangers, but they are also more intelligent than us.They create no unnecessary dangers for themselves; they run no businesses, chase no money, are unimpressed by gold - that utterly useless metal, and they do not care at all about hell or evil spirits. I have a vague feeling that it is not monkeys' hearts that we ought to implant in ourselves, but monkeys' brains.
1 According to the author, Westerners believe health problems can be solved by
A spending more money on scientific research. B taking more precautions. C using technical or mechanical methods. D increasing the number of doctors.
2 The problem with heart transplants has been that A artificial hearts do not work very well.
B there are not usually enough donors. C some of the heart donors are too old. D many people die after the operations.
3 The author suggests that in the future
A people will care less about other human beings. B monkey hearts will form part of our diet. C monkeys will become extinct. D monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations.
4 The author says that monkeys
A live in a relatively safe world in the jungle.
B are not capable of feeling emotions like fear.
C are not capable of logical thinking.
D are usually more content than humans.
5 The author suggests that
A human beings will return to a more natural lifestyle.
B we are wrong to think of ourselves as cleverer
than monkeys. C monkeys would be better at running the world
than humans. D scientists should work out how to do brain
transplants.
6 The main point the author is making is that humans
A make life more complicated that it needs to be. B have no right to make use of other animals. C should worry less about growing old. D are similar in many ways to monkeys.
B  Vocabulary 1
Find a word or phrase in the text which means:
1 prevent from decaying _
2 losing power, working
more slowly _
3 a lack of, not enough of _
4 not clear or definite _
5 to put into a body _
C Vocabulary 2
Read the text about smallpox. Then fill in the spaces in each section with one of the words from the box above it.
victim	symptoms	spread
disease	died	epidemics
For thousands of years, smallpox was a terrifying
(1)_which threatened people in every
continent, and every few years there were
(2)_which killed millions of people. It is
believed that the disease began in China and then
(3)_slowly to the other continents. The first
known (4)_was Rameses V, the pharaoh of
Egypt, who showed all the main (5)_of the
disease, including the terrible rash, and who
(6)_of it in 1157 BC.
vaccinate	protect	serious
infected	cure	
Over the centuries, many doctors tried to find a
(7)_for the disease but none suceeded.
However, in 1774, a doctor called Edward Jenner decided to investigate the belief that people who had
had cowpox could not be (8)_with smallpox.
Cowpox was a much less (9)_disease, and
hardly ever caused any lasting problems. Jenner
discovered that it was possible to (10)_people
from smallpox by giving them cowpox first, and he
began to (11)_large numbers of people against
the disease.
treatment virus immune eradicated recovered
It was soon clear that anyone who had had a
vaccination was (12)_to smallpox. This was
because humans, when they are infected with cowpox, produce antibodies; these protect people by
attacking and killing the smallpox (13)_
enters the body.
Vaccination has become the standard (14)_
if it
for
the disease, although no cure has ever been found. In 1958, the World Health Organisation decided to try and vaccinate everyone in the world, and after a massive international campaign, smallpox was
(15)_.
The last man in the world to catch it was Ali Maow Maalin from Merka in Somalia - and fortunately he
(16)_from the disease.
D Language study 1
Fill in the spaces with the correct form of make or let. You may have to change the tenses. There are two examples at the beginning.
I hated doing National Service. The officers made me clean the toilets every morning.
Her parents are very strict with her. They never let her go out in the evenings.
1 I love his sense of humour - he always _me laugh.
2 I like our English teacher, but she_ _us
work very hard.
3 My boss is very good to me - he_ _me have
time off whenever I want.
4 Do you think your father would_ _you use
the car if you asked him nicely?
5 I lost my key, but luckily my brother was in so he _me in.
6 If you eat too much chocolate, it will_you
fat.
7 Her parents_her go to the party because
they thought she was too young to go out by herself.
8 Please don't interrupt her.__her speak.
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UNIT 9 • 43
E   Language study 2
Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with although/even though or despite/in spite of.
Remember: although and even though are followed by a subject + verb, We use despite and in spite of with a noun or -ing form, or with the fact that + verb.
1   The doctor recognized her at once,
the
fact that he hadn't seen her for several years.
_she said she didn't know very much
about flowers, she had the most beautiful garden.
_having no formal medical
qualifications, my acupuncturist has helped me a lot.
_never having learned Italian at school,
he soon picked it up when he was in Florence,
The house felt terribly cold_the fact that
the central heating had been on all day,
_she liked him a lot, she didn't want to
marry him.
F   Phrasal verbs
Rewrite these sentences using the word in bold.
1 The thief ran away when the police arrived, cleared
The thief_soon as the police
arrived.
2 On her father's death, Anna took over the business, passed
When_, Anna took over the
business.
3 Ronald robbed a bank but wasn't caught, and went to live in South America.
away
Ronald robbed a bank but_
and went to live in South America.
.it,
4 Seeing Peter made her faint and fall to the floor, passed
When she_and fell to the floor.
5 The old lady trusted the con man completely, and lost all her savings.
took
The con man_completely, and
she lost all her savings.
6 You can go out when your bedroom is tidy, cleared
You can go out as soon_your
bedroom.
7 The lorry driver hit and killed a cat in the road, ran
The lorry driver_a cat in the
road.
8 We aren't going to employ any more people until the winter.
taking
We aren't_until the winter.
G Use of English 1
Read the text. If a line is correct, put a tick (/). If a line has an unnecessary word, underline it. There are two examples at the beginning (0) and (00).
0 The other day, when I was in London, I ran down into 00 an old friend of mine who had been at university
1 with me, Although that we hadn't seen each other
2 for ages and had lost the touch, it was just like old
3 times, and he told me all his news.
4 He moved to London after leaving from university,
5 and started to train as an accountant. He left after
6 a few of months because he didn't find it very
7 interesting, and he didn't feel like it spending the
8 rest of his life in an office. His parents were very
9 helpful - they didn't try to make him to carry on
10 training as a chartered accountant, and said him
11 they would continue to support him despite of the
12 fact that he didn't have a job to go to. He soon found
13 work doing that what he really wanted - writing
14 for a TV show. After the first series end, the producer
15 let him to have his own TV show even though he was relatively young, and it turned out to be a great success.
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H Vocabulary 3
Look through the following character adjectives and say whether they are:
A good qualities
B qualities that may be good or bad C bad qualities
shy
enthusiastic predictable patient generous
mean
faithful
frank
tense
aggressive
conceited
reliable
talkative
ambitious
considerate
Now use ten of the words to complete the following sentences.
Example:
Jack is very enthusiastic about going on holiday with us, and says he can't wait.
1 I always know exactly what my mother is going to say - she is so_.
2 The driver was very_. At the lights, he
got out of his car and tried to hit me.
3 Jane is very_. She will always tell you
exactly what she thinks even if you won't like it.
4 He is a very_politician. They say he
wants to become prime minister one day.
5 Cathy hates going to parties because she's very _and avoids talking to new people.
6 If Brian has promised to give you a lift to the airport, I can assure you he will come. He is very
I   Use of English 2
Read the text and decide which word, A, B, C or D, best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
BODY AND MIND
People have tried (0) f°r   over 2000 years to find a
relationship (1)_people's physical features and
their character, and even (2)_there is a complete
(3)_of evidence for such an idea, it is still
popular.
The Ancient Greeks were interested in the idea of
human personality (4)_they did not link it with
outward appearance. Later, during the Renaissance,
some writers (5)_that there was a direct
connection between a person's character and their face, and they called this new science physiognomy.
They thought that the new science would (6)_
you know a great deal about a person simply by
analysing their face. Kings and princes were (7)_
in the science, as they thought it might (8)_them
to be better judges of character, and they believed that
these new skills would (9)_it more difficult for
dishonest courtiers to (10)_them in.
(11)_the fact that nobody takes these theories
seriously nowadays, scientists are still interested in the basic idea. They have shown that there is a link between a person's character and their build.
Extroverts and other confident, (12)_people are
usually short and thick set, and in contrast, people who are (13]_and reserved tend to be (14)_
and thin. There is some scientific basis to this theory because glands have such an important effect on both
a person's build and their moods, so it is not (15)_
to find a link between them.
0	A for	B during	Cin	D since
1	A between	B among	C from	Dwith
2	A still	Byet	C since	D though
3	A lack	B shortage	C failure	Dneed
4	A despite	B although	C besides	D unless
5	A claimed	Btold	C pretended	D related
6	A allow	B permit	Clet	D enable
7	A interested	Bfond	C enthusiastic	D keen
8	A make	B allow	Clet	D learn
9	A change	B make	Clet	Dturn
10	A take	Bput	C set	D bring
11	A Although	BIn spite	C Even though	D Despite
12	A shy	B timid	C withdrawn	D outgoing
13	A conceited	B arrogant	C proud	Dshy"
14	Along	Bhigh	Ctall	D great
15	A surprising	B surprised	C interested	D interestin
UNIT 9
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