a person who ... a thing that/which (relative clauses 1)
I met a woman. She can speak six languages. I------------------2 sentences------------------'
she —» who
1 sentence
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
Jim was wearing a hat. It was too big for him.
I------------------- 2 sentences -----------------
it —> that or which
-------------------- i sentence -------------------1
Jim was wearing a hat that was too big for him. or
Jim was wearing a hat which was too big for him.
B     who is for people (not things):
A thief is a person Do you know anybody The man The people	who steals things, who can play the piano? who phoned who work in the office		didn't give his name, are very friendly.	
that is for things or people:				
An aeroplane is a machine Emma lives in a house The people		that flies. that is 500 years old. that work in the office		are very friendly.
113.1
You can use that for people, but who is more usual. D     which is for things (not people):
An aeroplane is a machine Emma lives in a house
which flies, (not 'a machine who ...') which is 500 years old.
Do not use which for people:
• Do you remember the woman who was playing the piano at the party? (not 'the woman which ...')
EXERCISES
Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A... is a person who
UNIT
113
. Use a dictionary if necessary.
a thief	a dentist
a butcher	a fool
a musician	a genius
a patient	a liar
doesn't tell the truth looks after your teeth is very intelligent plays a musical instrument
is ill in hospital steals things is very stupid sells meat
1 A thief is a, person who ste^s Wings,
2 A butcher is a person .................................................
3 A musician.........................................................................
4 ..............................................................................................
5 ...................................................................................................
6 ...
7 ... .......
8 .............................
113.2 Make one sentence from two.
1 (A man phoned. He didn't give his name.)
2 (A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.) The woman..........................................................................................................................................................a yellow dress.
3 (Some students took the exam. Most of them passed.) Most of the students.......................................................................................................
4 (A policeman stopped our car. He wasn't very friendly.) The........................................................,........................................................................................
113.3 Putin who or which.
I met a woman M>0.,, can speak six languages.
What's the name of the woman...............................lives next door?
What's the name of the river............................... flows through the town?
Where is the picture...............................was hanging on the wall?
Do you know anybody...............................wants to buy a car?
You always ask questions...............................are difficult to answer.
I have a friend...............................is very good at repairing cars.
I think everybody...............................went to the party enjoyed it very much.
Why does he always wear clothes...............................are too small for him?
113.4   Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.
A thief is a personfwTnch) steals things
An aeroplane is a machine that flies.
A coffee maker is a machine who makes coffee.
Have you seen the money that was on the table?
I don't like people which never stop talking.
I know somebody that can help you.
I know somebody who works in that shop.
Correct the sentences who are wrong.
& person who steals
OK
1234]
who and which in questions ;
units 44, 46
the people we met (relative clauses 2) :
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the people we met the hotel you stayed at
(relative clauses 2)
The man is carrying a bag.
It's very heavy.
)
2 sentences
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy.
Í sentence
Ann took some photographs. 1 Have you seen them? J		2 sentences
		
Have you seen the photographs l---------------                          í sentence —		(that) Ann took? ____________i
You can say:
• The bag that he is carrying ... or The bag he is carrying ... (with or without that)
• ... the photographs that Ann took? or   ... the photographs Ann took?
You do not need that/who/which when it is the object:
subject	verb	object		
The man	was carrying	a bag	—>	the bag (that) the man was carrying
Ann	took	some photographs	—»	the photographs (that) Ann took
You	wanted	the book	->	the book (that) you wanted
We	met	some people	-»	the people (who) we met
• Did you find the book you wanted? (or ... the book that you wanted?)
• The people we met were very nice, (or The people who we met...)
• Everything I said was true, (or Everything that I said ...)
Note that we say:
• The film we saw was very good, (not 'The film we saw ('/ was ...')
B      Sometimes there is a preposition (to/in/at etc.) after the verb:
Jill is talking to a man.    S> Do you know the man Jill is talking to? We stayed at a hotel. —> The hotel we stayed at was near the station. I told you about some books. —> These are the books I told you about. Note that we say:
... the books I told you about (not 'the books I told you about them')
You can say: (a place) where ... :
• The hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed at...)
You must use who/that/which when it is the subject (=> Unit 113):
• I met a woman who can speak six languages, (who is the subject)
• Jim was wearing a hat that was too big for him. (that is the subject)
1
114.1
EXERCISES
Make one sentence from two.
UNIT
114
1 (Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?) Hctve you seenJ^e phptogr^Hs Am took?
(You gave me a pen. I've lost it.)
I've lost the.................................................................................................
(Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)
I like the .................................................................................................
(I gave you some flowers. Where are they?)
Where are the....................................................................................
(He told us a story. I didn't believe it.)
I.............................................................................................................................
6 (You bought some oranges. How much were they?) How......................................
114.2   Make one sentence from two.
1 (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)
. The. bag | was amying was very. Heavy.
2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.) The...............................
3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.) The shoes...................................
4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn't come.) The..................................
114.3  Complete the sentences. Use the information in the box.
I looked at a map
I was sitting on a chair
you stayed at a hotel
they live in a house you were looking for some keys
we were waiting for a bus      you spoke to some people Linda is dancing with a man
1 What's the name of .j&e.hotel you....sj^ed,. at......?
2 Who are the people.................................................................................. ?
Did you find the......................................................................................................... ;
^ne............................................................................................................................................is too small for them.
The...........................................................................................................................................wasn't very clear.
I fell off.............................................................................................................................................
*............................................................................................................................................was very late.
8 Who is........................................................... ?
114.4 Read the situations and complete the questions. Use... where
1 John stayed at a hotel. You ask him:
Did you like the Hotel where you steyed.?
2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her: What's the name of the restaurant..........................
3 Sarah lives in a village. You ask her:
Do you like...............................................................................
4 Richard works in a factory. You ask him: How big......................................................................................
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a person who     a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 2) =>
UNIT 113
[237]
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 106
106.1
2 to 5 at
3 for 6 for
4 to
106.2
2 to
3 to
4 for
5 to
6 of/about
7 for
8 on
9 to
10 for
11 to
12 - (no preposition)
13 to
14 on
15 of/about
106.3
1 at
2 after
3 for
4 after
5 at
6 for
106.4
Example answers:
3 It depends on the programme.
4 It depends (on) what it is.
5 It depends on the weather.
6 It depends (on) how much you want.
UNIT 107
107.1
2 went in
3 looked up
4 rode off
5 turned round/around or looked round/around
6 got off
7 sat down
8 got out
107.2
2 away/out
3 round/around
4 going out ... be back
5 down
6 over
7 back
8 in
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9 up
10 going away ... coming back
107.3
2 Hold on
3 slowed down
4 takes off
5 get on
6 speak up
7 broken down
8 fall over / fall down
9 carried on 10 gave up
UNIT 108
108.1
2 She took off her hat. or She took her hat off.
3 He put down his bag. or He put his bag down.
4 She picked up the magazine, or She picked the magazine up.
5 He put on his sunglasses, or He put his sunglasses on.
6 She turned off the tap. or She turned the tap off.
108.2
2 He put his jacket on. He put it on.
3 She took off her glasses. She took them off.
4 Put your pens down. Put them down.
5 They gave the money back. They gave it back.
6 I turned off the lights. I turned them off.
108.3
2 take it back
3 picked them up
4 switched it off
5 bring them back
108.4
3 I knocked over a glass / I knocked a glass over
4 look it up
5 throw them away
6 fill it in
7 tried on a pair of shoes / tried a pair of shoes on
8 showed me round (or around)
9 gave it up or gave up [without it) 10 put out your cigarette / put your cigarette out
UNIT 109
109.1
3 I went to the window and (I) looked out.
4 I wanted to phone you but I didn't have your number.
5 I jumped into the river and (I) swam to the other side.
6 I usually drive to work but I went by bus this morning.
7 Do you want me to come with you or shall I wait here?
109.2
Example answers:
2 because it was raining. / because the weather was bad.
3 but it was closed.
4 so he didn't eat anything. / so he didn't want anything to eat.
5 because there was a lot of traffic. / because the traffic was bad.
6 Sue said goodbye, got into her car and drove off/away.
109.3
Example answers:
3 I went to the cinema but the film wasn't very good.
4 I went to a cafe and met some friends of mine.
5 There was a film on television, so I watched it.
6 I got up in the middle of the night because I couldn't sleep.
WMEM
110.1
2 When I'm tired, I like to watch TV.
3 When I phoned her, there was no answer.
4 When I go on holiday, I always go to the same place.
5 When the programme ended, I switched off the TV.
6 When I arrived at the hotel, there were no rooms.
KEY TO EXERCISES
110.2
2 when they heard the news
3 they went to live in New Zealand
4 while they were away
5 before they came here
6 somebody broke into the house
7 they didn't believe me
110.3
2 I finish
3 it's
4 I'll be ... she leaves
5 stops
6 We'll come ... we're
7 I come ... I'll bring
8 I'm
9 I'll give ... I go
110.4
Example answers:
2 you finish your work?
3 I'D write some letters.
4 you get ready.
5 I won't have much free time.
6 I come back?
UNIT 111
111.1
2 If you pass the exam, you'll get a certificate.
3 If you fail the exam, you can do it again.
4 If you don't want this magazine, I'll throw it away.
5 If you want those pictures, you can have them.
6 If you're busy now, we can talk later.
7 If you're hungry, we can have lunch now.
8 If you need money, I can lend you some.
111.2
2
3
4
5
6
I give is
I'll phone I'll be ... get
Will you go ... they invite
111.3
Example answers:
3 ... the water is dirty.
4 ...you'll feel better in the morning.
5 ... you're not watching it.
6 ... she doesn't study.
7 ... I'll go and see Chris.
8 ... the weather is good.
111.4
When If If if
When if
8 when ... if
UNIT 112
112.1
3 wanted had
was/were didn't enjoy could spoke didn't have
112.2
3 I'd go / I would go
4 she knew
5 we had
6 you won
7 I wouldn't stay
8 we lived
9 It would be
10 the salary was/were 111 wouldn't know 12 would you change
112.3
2 I'd watch it / I would watch it
3 we had some pictures on the wall
4 the air would be cleaner
5 every day was/were the same
6 I'd be bored / I would be bored
7 we had a bigger house / we bought a bigger house
8 we would/could buy a bigger house
112.4
Example answers:
2 I'd go to Antarctica
3 I didn't have any friends
4 I had enough money
5 I'd call the police
6 there were no guns
UNIT 113
113.1
2 A butcher is a person who sells meat.
3 A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument.
4 A patient is a person who is ill in hospital.
5 A dentist is a person who looks after your teeth.
6 A fool is a person who is very stupid.
7 A genius is a person who is very intelligent.
8 A liar is a person who doesn't tell the truth.
113.2
2 The woman who opened the door was wearing a yellow dress.
3 Most of the students who took the exam passed (it).
4 The policeman who stopped our car wasn't very friendly.
113.3	
2	who
3	which
4	which
5	who
6	which
7	who
8	who
9	which
that is also correct in all these sentences.
113.4
3 ... a machine that/which makes coffee.
OK (which is also correct) ... people who/that never stop talking.
OK (who is also correct) OK (that 15 also correct) ... the sentences that/which are wrong.
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KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 114
114.1
2 I've lost the pen you gave me.
3 I like the jacket Sue is wearing.
4 Where are the flowers I gave you?
5 I didn't believe the story he told us.
6 How much were the oranges you bought?
114.2
2 The meal you cooked was excellent.
3 The shoes I'm wearing aren't very comfortable.
4 The people we invited to dinner didn't come.
114.3
2 Who are the people you spoke to?
3 Did you find the keys you were looking for?
4 The house they live in is too small for them.
5 The map I looked at wasn't very clear.
6 I fell off the chair I was sitting
7 The bus we were waiting for was very late.
8 Who is the man Linda is dancing with?
114.4
2 What's the name of the restaurant where you had dinner?
3 Do you like the village where you live?
4 How big is the factory where you work?
Key to Additional exercises
3 Kate is a doctor.
4 The children are asleep.
5 Bill isn't hungry.
6 The books aren't on the table.
7 The hotel is near the station.
8 The bus isn't full.
3 she's/she is
4 Where are
5 Is he
6 It's/It is
7 I'm/I am or
No, I'm not. I'm a student.
8 What colour is
9 Is it
10 Are you
11 How much are
3 He's/He is having a bath.
4 Are the children playing?
5 Is it raining?
6 They're/They are coming now.
7 Why are you standing here? I'm/I am waiting for somebody.
4 Chris doesn't want
5 Do you want
6 Does Ann live
7 Sarah knows
8 I don't travel
9 do you usually get up
10 They don't go out
11 Tim always finishes
12 does Jill do ... She works
5
3 She's/She is a student.
4 She hasn't got a car.
5 She goes out a lot.
6 She's got / She has got a lot of friends.
7 She doesn't like London.
8 She likes dancing.
9 She isn't / She's not interested in sport.
1 Are you married? Where do you live?
Have you got / Do you have
any children? How old is she?
2 How old are you?
What do you do? / Where do you work? / What's your job?
Do you like/ enjoy your job?
Have you got / Do you have a car?
Do you (usually) go to work by car?
3 What's his name? / What's he
called?
What does he do? / What's his job?
Does he live/work in London?
4 Sonia is 32 years old.
5 I've got / I have two sisters.
6 We often watch TV in the evening.
7 Ann never wears a hat.
8 A bicycle has got two wheels.
9 These flowers are beautiful.
10 Mary speaks German very well.
8
3 are you cooking?
4 plays
5 I'm going
6 It's raining
7 I don't watch
8 we're looking
9 do you pronounce
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
we go
is shining
are you going
do you go
She writes
I never read
They're watching
She's talking
do you usually have
He's visiting
I don't drink
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
went found was had told gave
8 were
9 thought
10 invited
11
3 He was good at sport.
4 He played football.
5 He didn't work hard at school.
6 He had a lot of friends.
7 He didn't have a bicycle.
8 He wasn't a quiet child.
12
3 How long were you there? / How long did you stay there?
4 Did you like/enjoy Amsterdam?
5 Where did you stay?
6 Was the weather good?
7 When did you get/come back?
I forgot did you get I didn't speak Did you have he didn't go she arrived did Robert live The meal didn't cost
13
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
14
2 were working
3 opened
4 rang ... was cooking
5 heard ... looked
6 was looking ... happened
7 wasn't reading ... was watching
8 didn't read
9 finished .,. paid ... left
10 saw ... was walking ... was waiting
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