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a, an indefinite article	advertisement	an 0 a, an	arrest v., n.	bacteria n.	beyond prep, adv.	bright ady.	careless ady.
abandon v	(0/50 ad, advert) n	analyse (BrE)	arrival n.	bad ody.	bicycle (also bike) n.	brightly adv.	carelessly adv.
abandoned ody.	advice n.	(NAmE analyze) v.	arrive v. arrow n.	go bad	bid v., n.	brilliant ody.	carpet n.
ability n.	advise v.	analysis n.		badly adv.	big ody.	bring v.    - . •	carrot n.
ableorf/	affair n.	ancient adj.	art n.	bad-tempered ody. .•<■ •	bill n,	broad ody.	carry v.
unable ad).	affect v.	and conj.	article n.	bag n.	bin rr. (BrE)	broadly adv.	case n.
about odv., prep.	affection n.	anger n.	artificial ody.	baggage n.	biology n.	broadcast v., rt.	in case (of)
above prep., adv.	afford v.	angle n.	artificially adv.	(especially NAmE)	bird n.	broken c> break	cash n.
abroad adv.	afraid adj.	angry ady	artist n.	bake v.	birth n.	brother n.	cast v., n.
absence n.	after prep, conj., adv.	angrily adv.	artistic ady,	balance n., v	give birth (to)	brown ody,, n.	castle n.
absent adj.	afternoon n.	animal n.	as prep, adv., conj.	ball n.	birthday n.	brush /)., v.	cat n,
absolute adj.	afterwards	ankle n.	ashamed adj.	ban v., n	biscuit n. (BrE)	bubble n.	catch v.
absolutely adv.	(especially BrE) [NAmE	anniversary /).	aside adv.	band n.	bit n, (especially BrE)	budget n.	category n.       . .
absorb v.- ■-	usua//y afterward) adv.	announce v.	aside from	bandage n., v.	a bit	build v.	cause n., v.
abuse n., v.	again adv.	annoy v.	c>apartfrom	bank/1.	bite v., n.	building n.	CD n.
academic adj	against prep.	annoying'dd/.	ask v.	bar n.	bitter adj.	bullet r».           .' • ■	cease v.
accent n.	age n.	annoyed adj	asleep ady.	bargain n.	bitterly adv.'       .. ,	bunch n.	ceiling n.
accept v.	aged adj.	annual adj.	fall asleep	barrier n.	black ady., n.     ■ ■	burn v.       . ;	celebrate v.
acceptable adj.	agency n.	annually adv.	aspect n.	base/i., v.	blade n.	burnt ody.      ■    j ....	celebration n.
unacceptable adj.	agent n.	another del, pron.	assist v.	based on	blame v., n.	burst v.	cell n.
access n.	aggressive ady.	answer n., v.	assistance n.	basic ody.	blank ady'., n.	bury v.	cellphone
accident n.	ago adv.	anti- prefix	assistant n.. adj.	basically adv.	blankly adv.	bus n.	(also cellular phone) n.
by accident	agree v.	anticipate v.	associate v.	basis n.	blind ady.	bush n.	(especially NAmE)
accidental adj.	agreement n	anxiety n.	associated with	bath n.	block n., v.	business n.	cent n. (obbr. c, ct) •.
accidentally adv.	ahead adv.	anxious ady. ,	association n.	bathroom n	blonde ady., n.,	businessman,	centimetre (BrE)
accommodation n.	aid n., v.	anxiously adv..	assume v.	battery n. "	blond ady.	businesswoman n.	(NAmE centimeter) n.
accompany v.	aim n., v.	any def., pron., adv.	assure v.	battle n.	blood n.	busy ady.	(abbr. cm)
according to prep.	. air n,	anyone	at prep.	bay n.	blow v., n.	but cony.	central adj.
account /)., v.	aircraft /?.	(also anybody) pron	atmosphere n,	be v., auxiliary v.	blue ady., n.	butter n.	centre (BrE)
accurate adj.	airport n.	anything pron.	atom n.	beach n.	board n„ v.	button n.	(NAmE center) n.
accurately adv.	alarm n., v.	anyway adv.	attach v.	beak n.	on board	buy v.	century n.
accuse v.	alarming adj.	anywhere adv.	attached ady	bear v,	boat n.	buyer n.	ceremony n.
achieve v.	alarmed ad).	apart adv.	attack n., v.	beard n.	body n.	by prep, adv.	certain adj., pron.
achievement n.	alcohol n.	apart from (also aside	attempt n., v.	beatn., v.	boil v.	bye exclamation	certainly adv.
acid n.	alcoholic adj., n.	from especially in NAmE	attempted ady,	beautiful ody.	bomb n., v.		uncertain adj.
acknowledge v.	alive adj.	) prep.	attend v.	beautifully adv.	bone n.	c aPbr. c^> cent	certificate n.
acquire v.	all del, pron., adv	apartment n.	attention n.	beauty n.	book n., v.	cabinet n.	chain n„ v.
across adv., prep.	allow v.	(especially NAmE)	pay attention	because cony.	boot n.	cable n.	chair n.
act n„ v.	all right adj., adv..	apologize	attitude n.	because of prep.	border n.	cake n.	chairman,
action n.	exclamation	(BrE also -ise) v.	attorney n.	become v.	bore v.	calculate v.	chairwoman n.
take action	ally n., v.	apparent ady.	(especially NAmE)	bed n.	boring ody.	calculation n.	challenge n., v.
active adj.	allied adj.	apparently adv.	attract v.	bedroom n.	bored ody.	call v., n.	chamber n.
actively adv.	almost adv	appeal n., v	attraction n.	beef n.	born: be born v.	be called	chance n.
activity n.	alone adj., adv.	appear v.	attractive ady.	beer n.	borrow v.	calm ad/., v., n.	change v., n.
actor, actress n.	along.prep, adv.	appearance n. .	audience n.	before prep, cony., adv.	boss n,	calmly adv.	channel n.
actual adj.	alongside prep., adv.	apple n.	August n. (abbr Aug.)	begin v.	both det., pron.	camera n.	chapter n.
actually adv.	aloud adv.	application n.	aunt n.	beginning n.	bother v.	camp n., v.	character n.
ad n> advertisement	alphabet n.	apply v.	author n.	behalf n.:	bottle n.	camping n.	characteristic
adapt v.	alphabetical adj.	appoint v.	authority n. automatic ady.	on behalf of sb,	bottom «., ady.	campaign n.	ady., n.
add v.	alphabetically adv.	appointment n.		on sb's behalf	bound ady.: bound to	can modal v., n.	charge n., v.
addition n.	already adv.	appreciate v.	automatically adv.	(BrE) (NAmEin behalf of	bowl n.	cannot	in charge of
in addition (to)	also adv.	approach v., n. ■ ■	autumn n. (especially BrE)	sb, in sb's behalf)	boxn.	could modo/ v.	charity n.
additional adj.	alter v.	appropriate ady.	available ady.	behave v.	boy n.	cancel v.	chart n., v.
address n., v.	alternative />., adj.	approval n.	average ady'., n.	behaviour (BrE)	boyfriend n.	cancer n.	chase v., n.
adequate adj.	alternatively adv	approve (of) v.	avoid v.	(NAmE behavior) n.	brain n.	candidate n.	chat v., n.
adequately adv.	although conj.	approving ady	awake adj.	behind prep., adv.	branch n.	candy n. (NAmE)	cheap ody.
adjust v.	altogether adv. .	approximate ady.	award n., v.	belief n.	brand n.	cap n.	cheaply adv.
admiration n.	always adv.	approximately adv.	aware adj.	believe v.	brave ady.	capable (of) ady.	cheat v., n.
admire v.	a.m. (NAmE also A.M.)	April n. (abbr. Apr.)	away adv.	bell rr.	bread n.	capacity n,	check v., n.
admit v.	aofcr.	area n.	awful ady.	belong v.	break v., n.	capital n„ ody.	cheek n.
adopt v.	amaze v.	argue v.	awfully adv.	below prep, adv.	broken ady.	captain n.	cheerful ody.
adult n., adj.	amazing adj.	argument rr.	awkward ody.	belt n.	breakfast n.	capture v., n.	cheerfully adv.
advance n., v.	amazed adj.	arise v.	awkwardly adv.	bend v., n.	breast n.	car n.	cheese n.
advanced adj.	ambition n.	arm n.; v		bent ody.	breath n.	card n.	chemical ady., n.
in advance	ambulance 0.	arms n.	baby n.	beneath prep, adv.	breathe v.	cardboard n.	chemist n.
advantage n.	among (also amongst)	armed ady.	back n., adj., adv., v.	benefit n., v	breathing n.	care v.	chemist's n. (BrE)
take advantage of	prep.	army n.	background n.	beside prep.	breed v., n.	take care (of)	chemistry n.
adventure n.	amount n., v	around adv., prep	backwards (also backward	bet v., n.	brick n.	care for	cheque (BrE)
advertise v.	amuse v.	arrange v.	especially in NAmE) adv.	betting n.	bridge n.	career n.	(NAmE check) n.
advertising n.	amusing adj.	arrangement n.	backward ody.	better, best c;> good, well	brief ody.	careful ady.	chest n.
	amused adj.			between prep., adv.	briefly adv.	carefully adv.	chew v.
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chicken n. chief adj., n. child n. chin n. chip n. chocolate n. choice n. choose v. chop v. church n. cigarette n. cinema n.
(especially BrE) circle n. circumstance /?. citizen n. city n. civil adj. claim v., n. clap v., n. class n. classic adj., n. classroom n. clean adj., v. clear ad/., v.
clearly adv. i clerk n. clever ooy. click v., n. client n. climate n climb v.
climbing n. clock a close /klaos,
NAmE kloos/ adj.
closely adv. close /kleuz,
A/AmE klauz/ v.
closed ooy. closet n.
(especially NAmE) cloth n. clothes n.
clothing n, cloud n. club n.
cm abbr. c> centimetre
coach n.
coal n.
coast n.
coat n.
code n.
coffee n.
coin n.
cold adj., n.
coldly adv. collapse v., n. colleague n. collect v. collection n college n. colour(BrE)
(NAmE color) n., v.
coloured (BrE)
(NAmE colored) adj. column n. combination n. combine v. come v.
comedy n. comfort n., v. comfortable adj.
comfortably ode
uncomlortable adj. command v., n. comment n., v. commercial adj. commission n., v commit v. commitment n committee n. common adj.
in common
commonly adv. communicate v. communication n. community n. company n. compare v. comparison n compete v. competition n. competitive adj. complain v. complaint n. complete adj., v.
completely adv. complex adj. complicate v
complicated adj. computer n. concentrate v. concentration n. concept n concern v., n.
concerned adj.
concerning prep. concert n. conclude v. conclusion />. concrete adj., n. condition n. conduct v., n.
conference n.
confidence n.
confident adj.
confidently adv.
confine v. confined adj
confirm v.
conflict n., v
confront v.
confuse v. confusing adj. confused adj.
confusion n.
congratulations n
congress n.
connect v.
connection n.
conscious adj. unconscious adj
consequence n
conservative adj.
consider v.
considerable adj. considerably adv.
consideration n.
consist of v.
constant adj. constantly adv.
construct v.
construction n.
consult v.
consumer n.
contact n., v.
contain v
container n.
contemporary adj.
content r>
contest n.
context n,
continent n.
continue v.
continuous adj. continuously adv.
contract n., v.
contrast n., v. contrasting adj.
contribute v.
contribution n
control n., v. in control (of) under control controlled adj uncontrolled adj.
convenient adj
convention n.
conventional adj.
conversation n.
convert v.
convince v
cook v., n. cooking n.
cooker n. (BrE)
cookie n.
(especially NAmE) cool adj., v. cope (with) v copy n., v. core n. corner n. correct adj, v.
correctly adv. cost n„ v. cottage n. cotton n. cough v., n.
coughing n. could o can council n count v. counter n. country n. countryside n. county n. couple n.
a couple courage n. course n.
of course court n. cousin n. cover v., n
covered adj.
covering n. cow n. crack n., v.
cracked adj.
craft n. crash n., v. crazy adj. cream n., adj create v. creature n credit n. credit card n. crimen, criminal adj., n. crisis n. crisp adj. criterion n. critical adj. criticism n. criticize
(BrE also -ise) v. crop n. cross n., v crowd n
crowded adj. crown n. crucial adj cruel adj. crush v cryv.,n. ct abbr. o cent cultural adj culture n. cup n. cupboard n. curb v. cure v., n. curious adj.
curiously adv. curl v., n. curly adj. current adj., n
currently adv curtain n. curve n., v.
curved adj custom n. customer n. customs n. cut v., n. cycle n., v.
cycling n. r.w
dad n. daily adj. damage n., v. damp adj. dance n., v.
dancing n. dancer n. danger n. dangerous adj dare v. dark adj., n data ft. date n., v. daughter n day n. dead adj. deaf adj. deal v., n.
deal with dear adj death n.
debate n., v.
debt n.
decade n.
decay n„ v
December n.
(abbr. Dec.)
decide v.
decision n. declare v decline n, v decorate v decoration n. decorative adj. decrease v., n. deep adj., adv
deeply adv defeat v., n defence (BrE)
(NAmE defense) n defend v. define v. definite adj
definitely adv. definition n. -degree n. delay n., v. deliberate adj.
deliberately adv. delicate adj. delight n., v
delighted adj. deliver v. delivery n. demand n„ v. demonstrate v. dentist n. deny v.
department n. departure/?.1 depend (on) v.
deposit n„ v.....
depress v.
depressing adj.
depressed adj. depth n.
derive v. w.. describe v. description n. desert n., v. deserted adj. deserve v. • design n., v desire n., v. desk n.
desperate adj. desperately adv. despite prep. destroy v.
destruction n :■ . detail n.
in detail
detailed adj. determination n. determine v.
determined adj. develop v. development n. device n. devote v.
devoted adj.
diagram n. diamond n. diary n. dictionary n. die v. dying adj. diet n. difference n. different adj. differently adv difficult adj. difficulty n. dig v. dinner n. direct adj., v. directly adv direction n. director n. dirt n. dirty adj. disabled adj. disadvantage n. disagree v disagreement n. disappear v. disappoint v. disappointing adj. disappointed adj. disappointment n. disapproval n. disapprove (of) v. disapproving adj. disaster n. disc
(also disk, especially
in NAmE) n, discipline n. discount n. discover v. discovery n. discuss v. discussion n. disease n disgust v., n.
disgusting adj.
disgusted adj. dish n.
dishonest adj
dishonestly adv disk n. dislike v., n. dismiss v. display v., n. dissolve v. distance n. distinguish v. distribute v, distribution n. district n. disturb v.
disturbing adj. divide v. division n. divorce n., v.
divorced adj. do v., auxiliary v
undo v. doctor n
(abbr. Dr, NAmE Dr.) document n.
dollar/) domestic adj. dominate v door n dot n.
double adj, del, adv., n., v.
doubt /).. v
down adv., prep.
downstairs adv., adj., n.
downwards (also downward especially in NAmE) adv. downward adj.
dozen n., del
Dr(6rf)
(also Dr. NAmE, BrE)
abbr. o doctor draft n., adj., v drag v. drama n. dramatic adj.
dramatically adv. draw v
drawing n. drawer n.
dream n., v. : dress n., v.
dressed adj drink n., v. drive v., n.
driving n. driver n. drop v., n. drug n.
drugstore n. (NAmE) drum n. . drunk adj. dry adj., v. due adj. due to dull adj. dump v., n. during prep, dust n., v. duty n. DVD n.
each det., pron. each other
(also one another) pron. earn.
early adj., adv. earn v. earth n. ease n., v. east n„ adj., adv eastern adj. easy adj. easily adv. eat v.
economic adj. economy n. edge n. edition n. editor n educate v. educated adj. education n.
effect n effective adj.
effectively adv. efficient adj.
efficiently adv effort n. e.g. abbr egg n.
either det, pron., adv. elbow n. elderly adj. elect v, election n electric adj. electrical adj. electricity n electronic adj. elegant adj. element n, elevator rr. (NAmE) else adv. elsewhere adv email (also e-mail) n., v. embarrass v. embarrassing adj. embarrassed adj. embarrassment n. emerge v. emergency n. emotion n. emotional adj. emotionally adv. emphasis n. emphasize (BrE also -ise) v. empire n. employ v. unemployed adj. employee n. employer n. employment n. .»-unemployment rr.. empty adj., v. enable v. encounter v., n. encourage v. encouragement n. end n., v. in the end ending n. enemy n. energy n. engage v. engaged adj. engine n. engineer n. engineering/?. . r enjoy v. enjoyable adj. enjoyment n. enormous adj. enough det., pron., adv. enquiry (also inquiry especially in NAmE) n. ensure v. enter v. entertain v. entertaining adj. entertainer n. entertainment n.
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enthusiasm n. enthusiastic ody. entire adj.     , .
entirely adv. . entitle v. entrance n. entry n. envelope n. environment n environmental adj. equal adj., /?., v.
equally adv. equipment n. equivalent adj., n. error n. escape v., n. especially adv. essay n.
essential adj., n. essentially adv. establish v. estate n. estimate «., v. etc. {full form et cetera) euro n.
even adv., adj. evening n. event n. eventually adv. ever adv. every def.
everyone [also everybody) pron.
everything pron.
everywhere adv.
evidence n.
evil adj., n.
ex- prefix
exact ad/ exactly adv.
exaggerate v. exaggerated oaf/
exam n.
examination n.
examine v.
example n.
excellent adj.
except prep, conj.
exception n. exchange v., n.
in exchange (for) excite v.
exciting adj.
excited adj. excitement n. exclude v.
excluding prep. excuse n., v. executive /?., adj. exercise n., v. exhibit v., n. exhibition/?, exist v.: existence n. exit n, expand v. expect v.
expected adj.
unexpected adj.
unexpectedly adv.
expectation n.	favourite (BrE)
expense n.	[NAmE favorite) adj., n.
expensive adj.	fear n., v.
experience /?., v.	feather n.
experienced adj.	feature a, v.
experiment /?., v	February/?,
expert n„ adj.	(abbr. Feb.)
explain v.	federal adj.
explanation n.	fee /?.
explode v.	feed v.
explore v.	feel v.
explosion n.	feeling /?.
export v., n.	fellow /?., adj.
expose v.	female adj., n.
express v., adj.	fence n.
expression /?.	festival n.
extend v.	fetch v.
extension n.	(ever n
extensive adj.	few del, adj., pron.
extent n.	a few
extra adj., n., adv.	field n.
extraordinary	fight v., /?.
adj.	fighting n.
extreme adj., n.	figure /?., v.
extremely adv.	file n.
eye n	fill v.
	film /?., it-
face n., v.	final od/, n.
facility n.	finally adv.
fact n.	finance /?., v
factor n.	financial adj.
factory n	find v.
fail v.	find out sth
failure n.	fine adj.
faint adj.	finely adv.
faintly adv.	finger n.
fair adj.	finish v., n.
fairly adv.	finished adj.
unfair adj	fire /?., V-
unfairly adv.	set fire to
faith n.	firm /?., od/., odv.
faithful adj.	firmly odf.
faithfully adv.	first del,
Yours faithfully (BrE)	ordinal number, adv., n.
fall v., n.	at first
fall over	fish n., v.
false adj.	fishing n.
fame/?.	fit v., adj.
familiar adj.	fix v.
family n, adj.	fixed od/
famous adj.	flag n.
fan n.	flame /?.
fancy v., adj. far odv., od/
further adj. farm /?.
farming n. farmer n.
farther, farthest^ far fashion n. fashionable adj. fast adj., adv. fasten v. fat adj., n. father n.
faucet n. (NAmE) fault /?. lavour {BrE)
(NAmE favor) /?.
in favour/favor (of)
flash v., n. flat od;., /?. flavour (BrE)
(NAmE flavor) /?., v. flesh n. flight /?. float v. flood /?., v. floor n. flour /?. flow /?., v. flower«. flu n. fly v., n.
flying od/., n. focus v., n. fold v., n.
folding adj.
follow v.	
following adj., n., prep.	
food n.	■ ■
foot/?.	■■ ,6»fc
football n.	KUIIMCO
for prep.	
force o., v.	
forecast /?., v.	
foreign od/	
forest n.	
forever	
(ß/£ o/so for ever) adv.	
forget v.	. .ft
forgive v.	•
fork n.	
form n., v.	
formal od/.	.       . •!•••»
formally adv.	),f .1
former adj.	
formerly adv.	
formula n.	
lortune n.	
forward	
(also forwards)	adv.
forward adj.	
found v.	
foundation n.	
frame n., v. i-	
free adj., v., adv.	
freely odv. freedom n. freeze v.
frozen od/ frequent adj.
frequently odv. fresh adj.
freshly adv. Friday /?. (abbr. Fri.) fridge o. (6rf) friend n.
make friends (with) friendly adj.
unfriendlyody. friendship n. frighten v.
frightening adj.
frightened ody. from prep. front /?., adj.
in front (of) frozen o freeze fruit n. fry v., n. fuel /?.
full adj. ., .
fully odv. fun /?., od/
make fun of function /?., v. fund n., v fundamental adj. funeral n. funny od/ fur/?.
furniture /?,
further, furthest ^> far
future /?., od/
g abbr. t=> gram gain v., n. gallon n. gamble v., /?.
gambling /?. game n. gap n. garage n. garbage n.
(especially NAmE) garden n. gas n.
gasoline n. (NAmE) ■ gate n. gather v. gear n. general adj.
generally odv
in general generate v. generation n. generous adj.
generously adv. gentle adj.
gently adv. gentleman n. genuine adj.
genuinely odv, geography n. get v.
get on
get off giant /?., adj. gift n. girl n.
girlfriend n. give v.
give sth away
give sth out
give sth up glad adj. glass n.
glasses n. global adj. glove n. glue n., v. gm obor gram gov.
go down
go up
be going to goal n. god n. gold n., adj. good adj., n.
good at
good for goodbye
exclamation, n. goods n. govern v. government n. governor n. grab v. grade /?., v.
gradual adj.
gradually adv.
grain n.
gram (BrE also gramme) n. (abbr. g, gm)
grammar /?. grand adj. grandchild n. granddaughter n. grandfather n. grandmother n. grandparent n. grandson n. grant v., n. grass n. grateful adj.
grave n., adj. • '
gray (NAmE) <=> grey ■ great adj.
greatly odv. green adj., n. grey (Br£) (NAmE usually
gray) od/,/?. grocery (especially BrE)
(NAmE usually
grocery store) n.
groceries n. ground n. group n. grow v.
grow up growth n. guarantee /?., v. guard /?., v. guess v., n. guest /?. guide /?.. v. guilty od/ gun n. guy/?.
habit /? hair /?.
hairdresser n. half /?., def.,
pron., adv. hall /?, hammer n. hand /?., v. handle v„ n. hang v. happen v. happiness n.
unhappiness n. happy adj.
happily adv.
unhappy adj. hard adj., adv. hardly adv. harm /?., v. harmful adj. harmless adj. hat /?. hate v., /?. hatred /?.
have v„ auxiliary v.
have to modal v. he pro/?, head n„ v. headache /?. heal v. health /?. healthy adj. hear v.
hearing /?.
heart n. heat r?., v.
heating n. heaven n. heavy adj.
heavily odv. heel o. height n. hell /?.
hello exclamation, n. help v., n. helpful ody. hence odv. her pron., del hers pro/?, here adv. hero n. herself pro/?, hesitate v. hi exclamation hide v.
high ody., odv.
highly odv highlight v., n. highway n.
(especially NAmE) hill /?. him pron himself pron. hip /?. hire v., n. his def., pron. historical ody. history n. hit v., n. hobby /?. hold v., n. hole n. holiday n. hollow ody. holy ody. home /?., odv homework «. honest ody.
honestly odv. honour (BrE)
(NAmE honor) n
in honour/honor of hook n. hope v., //. horizontal ody. horn n. horror n. horse n. hospital n. host n., v. hot ody. hotel n. hour n. house /?.
housing n. household /?., ody. how adv. however adv.
huge ody.
human adj., n.
humorous ody.
humour (BrE)
(NAmE humor) n.
hungry ody.
hunt v.
hunting n hurry v., /?. .
in a hurry hurt v. husband n
I pron. ice n.
ice cream /? idea n. ideal od/., /?. ideally odv. identify v identity n. i.e. abbr if cony ignore v.
ill ody. (especially BrE) illegal ody illegally odv illness o. illustrate v. image /?. imaginary ody. imagination n. imagine v. immediate ody.
immediately odv. immoral ody. impact n. impatient adj.
impatiently odv. implication n. imply v. import /?., v-importance n. important ody.
importantly adv.
unimportant ody. impose v. impossible ody. impress v.
impressed ody impression n. impressive ody. improve v improvement n in prep, adv. inability /?. inch n. incident n include v
including prep. income n. increase v., n ■
increasingly odv. indeed adv. independence n. independent ody.
independently adv. index n. indicate v. indication n. indirect ody.
indirectly odv. individual ody, n. indoors odv
indoor ody. industrial ody.
R105
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"S
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R106
§ o m
"2 o
industry n	involvement n.	knit v.	lift v., n.			machine n.
inevitable ady.	iron n., v.	knitted adj.	light n., adj., v.	...ir		machinery n.
inevitably adv	irritate v.	knitting n.	lightly adv	i <•:.		mad adj.
infect v.	irritating adj.	knock v., n.	like prep., v., conj.			magazine n.
infected adj.	irritated adj.	knot n.	unlike prep., adj. i	im i		magic n., adj.
infection n.	-ish suffix	know w.	likely ady., adv.			mail n., v.
infectious adj.	island n.	unknown ad/.	unlikely ady.			main ady.
influence n., v	issue n., v.	well known adj.	limit n., v.			mainly adv.
inform v.	it pron., det.	knowledge n	limited adj			maintain v.
informal adj. *i	its det.		line n			major ady.
information n	item n	1 abbr. o litre	link n., v.	■ "«4		majority n.
ingredient n.	itself pron.	label n., v.	lip n.			make v., n
initial adj., n		laboratory, lab n.	liquid n„ ady.			make sth up
initially adv.	jacket n.	labour [BrE)	list n., v.	> Mfci		make-up n.
initiative n.	jam n.	(NAmE labor) n.	listen (to) v			male adj., n
injure v	January n	lack n.. v.	literature n.			malln.
injured adj.	(abbr. Jan.)	lacking adj.	litre (BrE) (NAmE liter) n.			(espeuaily NAmE)
injury n.	jealous adj.	lady n.	(abbr. 1)	i.i.		man n.
ink n.	jeans n.	lake n	little adj., det., <.•■>:			manage v.
inner adj.	jelly n.	lamp n	pron., adv.			management n
innocent ad) ■	jewellery (BrE)	land a, v.	a little det., pron.			manager n.
inquiry <z> enquiry •	{NAmE jewelry) n. ■	landscape n.	live /laiv/ adj., adv.			manner n
insect n.	job n.	lane n.	live /liv/ v.     . •	i		manufacture v., n.
insert v.	join v.	language n	living adj.			manufacturing ij„
inside prep., adv..	joint ady., n.	large ady.	lively adj.			manufacturer n.
n., adj.	jointly adv	largely adv.	load n., v.			many del., pron.
insist (on) v	joke n„ v.	last det, adv., n., v	unload v.			map n.
install v.	journalist n.	late adj., adv.	loan n.			March /?. (afcte Mar.)
instance n.	journey n.	later adv.. adj.	local ad/.			march v., n.
(or instance	joy n	latest ady., n.	locally adv.		mark n., v.	
instead adv.	judge n., v.	latter adj., n.	locate v.			market n.
instead of	judgement	laugh v., n	located adj.			marketing n.
institute n.	{also judgment especial-	launch v., n.	location n.			marriage n.
institution n.	ly in NAmE) n	law n.	lock v., n.	. i'.		marry v.
instruction n. instrument n. insult v., n.
insulting ady. insurance n. intelligence n. intelligent ady. intend v.
intended adj. intention n. interest n., v.
interesting ady.
interested ady. interior n., adj. internal ady. -international ady. Internet n. interpret v. interpretation n interrupt v. interruption n. interval n. interview n., v. into prep. introduce v. introduction n. invent v. • invention n. invest v. investigate v. investigation n. investment n. invitation n. invite v. involve v.
involved in
juice n.
July n. (abbr. Jul.) jump v., n. June n. (abbr jun.) junior ady., n. just adv. justice n justify v. justified ady.
k abbr. o kilometre keen ady.
keen on keep v. key n., adj. keyboard n. kick v., n. kidn. kill v.
killing n. kilogram
(BrE also kilogramme)
(also kilo) n. (abbr. kg) kilometre (BrE)
(NAmE kilometer) n.
(abbr. k, km) kind n.adj.
kindly adv. <
unkind ady. kindness n. kingn, kiss v., n. kitchen n.
km abbr. e=> kilometre knee n.   ' i knife n.
lawyer n. lay v. layer n. lazy ady. lead /li:d/ v., n leading ady. leader n. leaf n. league n. lean v, learn v.
least det, pron., adv.
at least leather n. leave v.
leave out lecture n. left ady., adv., n. legn. legal ady.
legally adv. lemon n. lend v. length n.
less det, pron., adv. lesson n. let v. letter n. level n., ady library n. licence (BrE) (NAmE license) n. license v. lid n. lie v., n. life n.
logic n. logical ady. lonely ady. long ady., adv. look v., n. look after (especially BrE) look at look for look forward to loose ady. loosely adv. lordn. • lorry n. (BrE) lose v. lost adj. loss n.
lot: a lot (of) (also lots (of)) pron., det., adv.
loud ady., adv. loudly adv.
love n., v.
lovely ady.
lover n.
low ady., adv
loyal ady.
luck n.
lucky ady. unlucky ady.
luggage n. (especially BrE)
lump /i
lunch n
lung n.
married adj mass n„ ady massive ady. master n. match n„ v. matching ady. mate n., v. material n., adj. mathematics (also maths BrE, math NAmE) n. matter n., v. maximum ady., n. may modal v. May n. maybe adv mayor /?. me pron. meal n. mean v. meaning n means n. by means of meanwhile adv. measure v., n. measurement n. meat n media n. medical ady. medicine n. medium ady., n meet v. meeting n. melt v. member n. membership n.
memory n.
in memory of ...oi.. mental ady.
mentally adv. mention v. menu n. mere ady.
merely adv. mess n. message n. metal n. method n. metre (BrE)
(NAmE meter) n. mg abbr. ^> milligram mid- combining form midday ■".
middle n„ adj.     .. ..
midnight n. .
might modal v.
mild ady.
mile n.
military ady.
milk n. .i
milligram
(BrE also milligramme)
n. (abbr. mg) millimetre (BrE)
(NAmE millimeter) n.
(abbr. mm) mind n., v. mine pron., n mineral n., adj minimum ady., n. minister ministry n
minor ady. ? iii
minority ». minute n. mirror n. miss v., n.
Miss n
missing ady mistake n., v.
mistaken adj mix v., n.
mixed ady mixture n.
mm abbr. o millimetre mobile ady mobile phone
(also mobile) n. (BrE) model n. modern ady. mom (NAmE) o mum moment n. Monday n.
(abbr. Mon.) money n. . monitor n., v. month n. mood n moon n. moral ady.
morally adv. more d<?f., pron., adv. moreover adv. morning n. most del., pron., adv. mostly adv.
mother n. motion n. motor n. motorcycle
(BrEalso motorbike) n. mount v., n. mountain n. mouse n. mouth n. move v., n.
moving ady. movement n movie n.
(especially NAmE) movie theater n. (NAmE) Mr (SrF)
(a/so Mr. NAmE, BrE) abbr. Mrs (BrE)
(also Mrs. NAmf. BrE) abbr. Ms (BrE)
(a/so Ms. N/UnE, BrE) abbr.
much def., pron.. adv. mud n. multiply v. mum (Brf) (NAmE mom) n. murder n., v muscle n. museum n. music n. musical ady musician n.
must modal v, i,u--. ntq my de(. myself pron. mysterious ady. mystery n.
■ .i" M|
nail n. naked ad;.. name n., v.
narrow ady. n •
nation n. national ad/ natural ady. naturally adv. nature n. navy n.
near ady, adv., prep nearby ady., adv nearly adv. neat ady.
neatly adv. necessary adj.
necessarily adv.
unnecessary ady. neck n.
need v., modal v., n. needle n. negative ady. neighbour (BrE) (NAmE
neighbor) n. neighbourhood (BrE) ■
(NAmE neighborhood) n. neither det, pron., adv. nephew n. nerve n.
nervous ody.
nervously adv. nest n., v. net n. network n. never adv. nevertheless adv. new ady. newly adv. news n. newspaper n next ady., adv., n.
next to prep. nice ady.
nicely adv. niece n. night n.
no exclamation, det. No. (a/so no.) abbr.
c> number nobody (also no one)
pron. • .
noise n. noisy ady.
noisily adv non- pre/tx none pron. nonsense n. no one c> nobody nor cony., adv. normal ady, n.
normally adv. north n., ady., adv. northern ady nose n. not adv. note n„ v... nothing pron. notice n„ v.
take notice of noticeable ady. novel n November n.
(abbr. Nov.) now adv. nowhere adv. nuclear adj. number
(abbr. No., no.) n. nurse n. nut n.
obey v object n„ v. objective n., ady. observation n. observe v. obtain v obvious ady
obviously adv. occasion n. occasionally adv. occupy v.
occupied ady occur v ocean n. o'clock adv. October n. (abbr. Oct.) odd adj.
oddly adv.
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R108
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of prep.	overall adj., adv	permanent adj.	poison n., v.		pride n.	punch v., n.	receipt n.	reproduce v.	R109
off adv., prep	overcome v.	permanently adv.	poisonous adj.		priest n.	punish v.	receive v.	reputation n.	
offence (BrE)	owe v	permission n.	pole n.		primary adj.	punishment n.	recent adj.	request n., v.	i
(NAmE offense) n.	own adj., pron., v. ■	permit v.	police n.		primarily adv.	pupil n. (especially BrE)	recently adv.	require v.	
offend v.	owner n.	person n.	policy n.	• ..At-"	prime minister n	purchase n., v	reception n.	requirement n.	
offensive adj.		personal adj.	polish n., v.		prince n.	pure adj.	reckon v.	rescue v., n.	©
offer it, n.	p abbr. o page, penny	personally adv.	polite fld).		princess n.	purely adv	recognition n.	research n.	o
office n.	pacen	personality n.	politely adv.		principle n.	purple adj., n	recognize	reservation n.	o m
officer n	pack v., n.	persuade v.	political adj.		print v., n.	purpose n.	(BrE also -ise) v.	reserve v., n.	TJ
official adj., n	package n, v.	pet n.	politically adv.		printing n.	on purpose	recommend v.	resident n., adj.	c o
officially adv	packaging n.	petrol /). (BrE)	politician		printer n.	pursue v.	record n., v.	resist v.	
often adv.	packet n.	phase n.	politics n.		prior adj.	push v., n.	recording n.	resistance n.	O
oh exclamation	page n. (abbr p)	philosophy n.	pollution n.		priority n.	put v.	recover v.	resolve v.	
oil».	pain n.	phone co telephone	pool n	. . H	prison n.	put sth on	red adj., n.	resort n.	
OK (o/so okay)	painful adj.	photocopy n., v.	poor adj.		prisoner n.	put sth out	reduce v.	resource n.	
exclamation, adj., adv.	paint n., v.	photograph n., v.	pop n„ v.		private adj		reduction n	respect n„ v.	
old adj.	painting n.	(also photo n)	popular adj.		privately adv.	qualification n. )■•'■■	refer to v.	respond v.	
old-fashioned adj.	painter n.	photographer n.	population n.	■ ■	prize n.	qualify v.	reference n	response n.	
on /OTP-, aoV.	pair n.	photography n.	port n.		probable adj.	qualified adj.	reflect v.	responsibility n.	
once adv., conj.	palace n.	phrase n.	pose v„ n. ■■	..	probably adv.	quality n.	reform v., n.	responsible adj.	
one number, det., pron.	pale adj.	physical adj	position n.	I	problem n.	quantity n.	refrigerator n.	rest n., v.	
one another   each other	pan n.	physically adv.	positive adj.	t»lll!l.	procedure n.	quarter n.	refusal n	the rest	
onion n.	panel n.	physics n.	possess v.		proceed v	queen n.	refuse v.	restaurant n	
only ad/, adv.	pants n.	piano n.	possession n.		process n., v	question n., v.	regard v., n.	restore v.	
onto prep.	paper n. ■	pick v.	possibility /).		produce v.	quick adj.	regarding prep.	restrict v.	
open ad/, v	parallel adj.	pick sth up	possible adj.		producer n.	quickly adv.	region n.	restricted adj.	
openly adv.	parent n.	picture n.	possibly adv.		product n.	quiet adj.	regional adj.	restriction n.	
opening n.	park n., v.	piece n.	post 11, v.		production n	quietly adv.	register v,n	result /?., v.	
operate v.	parliament n.	P'g"	post office i-		profession n.	quit v.	regret v., n	retain v.	
operation n.	part n.	pile n., v.	pot n.	.... 1	professional adj., n	quite adv	regular adj.	retire v.	
opinion n.	take part (in)	pill n.	potato n.		professor n.	quote v	regularly adv	retired adj.	
opponent n.	particular adj.	pilot n.			profit n.		regulation n	retirement n	
opportunity n.	particularly adv.	pin n., v.	potentially adv.		program n, v.	race n, v.	reject v.	return v., n	
oppose v	partly adv.	pink adj., n	pound '.■	•	programme n. (BrE)	racing n.	relate v	reveal v.	
opposing adj	partner n.	pint n. (abbr pt)	pour v.		progress n., v.	radio n.	related (to) adj.	reverse v., n	
opposed to	partnership n.	pipe n.	powder n.		project n., v.	rail n.	relation n.	review n., v.	
opposite adj., adv..	party n.	pitch n	power n.		promise v., n	railway (BrE)	relationship n.	revise v.	
n., prep.	pass v.	pity n	powerful adj.	promote v.		(NAmE railroad) n	relative adj., n.	revision n.	
opposition n.	passing n., adj.	place n., v.	practical adj.		promotion n.	rain n., v.	relatively adv.	revolution n	
option n.	passage n	take place	practically adv.		prompt adj., v.	raise v.	relax v.	reward n., v	
or conj.	passenger n.	plain adj.	practice n.		promptly adv.	range n.	relaxed adj.	rhythm n.	
orange a, adj.	passport n.	plan n., v.	(BrE, NAmE),		pronounce v	rank n., v.	relaxing adj	rice n.	
order n., v.	past adj., n., prep., adv.	planning n	v. (NAmE)		pronunciation n.	rapid adj.	release v., n.	rich adj.	
in order to	path n.	plane n.	practise v. (BrE)		proof n.	rapidly adv	relevant adj.	rid v.: get rid of	
ordinary adj.	■patience n.	planet n	praise n.. v.		proper adj.	rare adj.	relief n	ride v., n.	
organ n.	patient n., adj.	plant n., v.	prayer n.	■ 'tli ii	properly adv.	rarely adv.	religion n	riding n.	
organization	pattern n.	plastic ad/	precise adj.		property n.	rate n., v.	religious adj.	rider n.	
{BrE also -isation) n.	pause v., n.	plate n.	precisely adv..		proportion n.	rather adv.	rely on v.	ridiculous adj.	
organize	pay v., n.	platform n.	predict v.		proposal n.	rather than	remain v.	right adj, adv., n.	
[BrE alio -ise) v.	payment n	play v., n.	prefer v.	propose v. prospect n.		raw adj	remaining adj.	rightly adv.	
organized adj.	peace ft.	player n.	preference n.			re- prefix	remains n.	ring n, v.	
origin n.	peaceful adj.	pleasant adj.	pregnant adj.		protect v.	reach v.	remark n., v.	rise n., v.	
original adj., n.	peak ft.	pleasantly adv.	premises n.		protection n.	react v.	remarkable adj.	risk n., v.	
originally adv	pen n.	unpleasant adj.	preparation n.		protest n., v	reaction n.	remarkably adv.	rival n„ ad]	
other adj., pron.	pence n. o penny	please exclamation, v.	prepare v.		proud adj.	read v.	remember v.	river n.	
otherwise adv.	pencil n.	pleasing adj.	prepared adj.		proudly adv.	reading n	remind v	road n.	
ought to modal v.	penny n. (abbr. p)	pleased adj.	presence n.		prove v.	reader n.	remote adj.	rob v.	
our det.	pension n.	pleasure n.	present adj., n., v.		provide v.	ready adj.	removal n.	rock n.	
ours pron.	people n.	plenty pron., adv.,	presentation n.		provided	real adj.	remove v.	role n.	
ourselves pron	pepper n.	n., det.	preserve v.		(also providing) conj.	really adv.	rent n., v.	roll n., v.	
out (of) adv., prep.	per prep.	plot n., v.	president n		pt abbr. <=> pint	realistic adj.	rented adj.	romantic adj	
outdoors adv	per cent (NAmE usually	plug n.	press n., v.		pub n.	reality n.	repair v., n	roof n.	
outdoor adj.	percent) n., adj., adv	plus prep, n., adj., conj.	pressure n.		public adj, n	realize (BrEalso-\se) v.	repeat v	room n	
outer adj.	perfect adj.	p.m. (NAmEalso P.M.)	presumably adv.		in public	really^ real	repeated adj	root n.	
outline v., n.	perfectly adv.	abbr.	pretend v.		publicly adv.	rear n., adj.	repeatedly adv.	rope n.	
output n.	perform v.	pocket r?	pretty adv., adj.		publication n.	reason n.	replace v	rough adj.	
outside n., adj., prep, adv	performance n.	poem n.	prevent v.		publicity n.	reasonable adj.	reply n., v	roughly adv.	
outstanding adj.	performer n.	poetry n.	previous adj.		publish v.	reasonably adv.	report v., n	round adj., adv..	
oven n.	perhaps adv.	point n., v.	previously adv.		publishing a	unreasonable adj.	represent v.	prep., n	
over adv., prep.	period n.	pointed ad/.	price n.		pull v., n.	recall v.	representative n., adj.	rounded adj.	
route n.
routine n., adj.
row /rao, NAmE 100/ n.
royal adj.
rub v,
rubber n.
rubbish n.
{especially BrE) rude adj.
rudely adv. ruin v., n.
ruined ady. rule n., v. ruler n rumour n. run v., /j.
runnings runner n. rural ady. rush v., n.
sack n., v.
sad adj. sadly adv.
sadness n.
sale fld/. safely adv.
safety n.
sail v., n. sailing n
sailor n.
salad n.
salary n
sale n.
salt n.
salty ad/.
same adj., pron.
sample n.
sand n.
satisfaction n.
satisfy v. satisfied adj. satisfying adj
Saturday n. {abbr. Sat.)
sauce n.
save v. saving n. say v. scale n. scare k, n.
scared ady. scene «. schedule n„ v scheme n. school n. science n. scientific adj scientist n. scissors n. score n., v scratch v., n. scream v., n. screen n. screw n., v sea n. seal n., v. search n., v. season n. seal n.
second del.
ordinal number,
adv., n. secondary adj. secret adj., n.
secretly adv. secretary n. section n. sector n. secure adj., v. security n. see v. seed n. seek v.
seem linking v select v. selection n self n.
self- combining form sell v. senate n. senator n. send v. senior adj., n sense n. sensible adj. sensitive adj. sentence n. separate ady, v.
separated adj.
separately adv separation n September n
[abbr. Sept.) series n. serious adj.
seriously adv. servant n. serve v. service n. session n.
set n., v. s,' settle v.
several del., pron. severe adj.
severely adv. sew v.
sewing n. sex n, sexual adj.
sexually adv. shade n. shadow n shake v.. n. shall modal v. shallow adj. shame n shape n. v.
shaped adj share v., n sharp adj.
sharply 00V. shave v. she pron. sheep n. sheet n. shelf n. shell n. shelter n.. v. shift v., n.
shine v shiny adj. ship n. shirt n. shock n., v.
shocking adj.
shocked adj. shoe n. shool v.
shooting n. shop n., v
shopping n short ady. shortly adv. shot 0.
should modal v. shoulder n. shout v., n. show v., n. shower n. shut v., ady, shy adj. sick ady
be sick (BrE)
feel sick (especially BrE) side n.
sideways ad/., adv.
sight n.
sign n., v.
signal ii., v.
signature n
significant adj. significantly adv.
silence n.
silent adj.
silk n.
silly ad/
silver n., adj.
similar adj.
similarly adv. simple adj
simply adv. since prep., conj, adv. sincere ody
sincerely adv
Yours sincerely (BrE) sing v.
singing n singer n. single ody. sink v. sir n. sister n. sit v.
sit down site n. situation n. size n.
-sized skilful (Srf)
(AMmfskillful) ad/.
skilfuUy(8rf)
(AMrofskillfully) adv. skill n.
skilled ady. skin n. skirt n. sky n.
sleep v., /). ,■ sleeve n.
slice n., v. slide v. slight ady
slightly adv. slip v. slope n., v slow ady.
slowly adv. small ady. smart ady. smash v., n. smell v., n. smile v., n. smoke n., v
smoking n. smooth ody.
smoothly adv. snake n. snow n., v. so adv., cony.
so that soap n. social adj
socially adv. . > society n. sock n. soft adj.
softly adv. software n. soil n. soldier n. solid ody., n. solution n. solve v.
some def., pron. somebody
{also someone) pron... somehow adv.    ,j, 1 something pron. sometimes adv. somewhat adv. somewhere adv. son n. song n. soon adv.
as soon as sore ody. sorry adj. sort n., v. soul n. sound n„ v. soup n. sour ody. source n.
south n, adj., adv. southern ady. space n. spare ody., n speak v.
spoken ady. speaker n.. special ady.
specially adv. specialist n. specific ady.
specifically adv. speech n. speed n. spell v., n.
spelling n.
spend v. spice n. spicy ady. spider n. spin v. spirit n. spiritual ady. spite n.: in spite of split v., n. spoil v.
spoken o speak spoon n. sport n. spot n. spray n.. v. spread v. spring n. square ady., n. squeeze v., n. stable ody., n staff n. stage n. stair n. stamp n„ v. stand v., n. stand up standard n., adj. starv stare v., n. start v., n. stale n., ody., v. statement n. station n. statue n. status n. stay v., n. steady ody. steadily adv. unsteady ady. steal v. steam n steel n steep ody steeply adv. steer v. step n., v. stick v., n. stick out sticky ady. stiff ady. stiffly adv, still adv., adj. ■ sting v., n. stir v. stock n. stomach n stone n stop v., n. store n., v. storm n. story n. stove n.
straight adv., adj. strain n. strange ady. strangely adv. stranger n. strategy n. stream n. street n.
strength n. stress n., v. stressed ady. stretch v. strict ady. strictly adv. strike v., n striking ady. string fl. strip v., n. stripe n. striped ady. stroke n., v. strong ady strongly adv. structure n. struggle v., n. student n. studio n. study n., v stuff n. stupid ady style n. subject n. substance n. substantial ady.
substantially adv. substitute a, v. succeed v. success n. successful ody.
successfully adv.
unsuccessful ady. such del, pron.
such as suck v. sudden ady.
suddenly adv. suffer v.
suffering n. sufficient ady.
sufficiently adv. sugar n suggest v. suggestion n. suit n., v.
suited ody. suitable ody, suitcase n sum n. summary n. summer n. sun n.
Sunday n. {abbr. Sun.] superior ady. supermarket n. supply n., v. support n., v. supporter n, suppose v. sure ady., adv.
make sure
surely adv. surface n. surname n.
(especially BrE) surprise n., v.
surprising adj.
surprisingly adv.
surprised ady
surround v
surrounding adj.
surroundings n. survey n., v. survive v suspect v., n. suspicion n suspicious ady swallow v. swear v
swearing n. sweat n., v. sweater n. sweep v. sweet ady., n. swell v.
swelling n.
swollen ody. swim v.
swimming n
swimming pool n.
swing n„ v.
switch n, v. switch sin off switch sth on
swollen o swell
symbol n
sympathetic ody.
sympathy n
system n.
table n. tablet n. tackle v., n. tail n take v.
take sth off
take (sth) over talk v., n. tall adj. tank n. tap v., n. tape n. target n. task n. taste n., v. tax n, v. taxi n. tea n. teach v.
teaching n. teacher n. team n. tear /tea(r),
M4m£ ter/ v., n. tear /tta(r),
NAmf ur/ n. technical ody. technique n. technology n. telephone (also phone)
n., v.
television (also TV) n. tell v
temperature n. temporary ady, temporarily adv. tend v. tendency n tension n
tent n. term n. terrible ody terribly adv. test n, v text n
than prep., conj thank v.
thanks exclamation, n. lhankyou exclamation, n. that der, pron., conj. the definite article theatre (BrE) (NAmE theater) n. their det.
theirs pron. them pron. theme n. themselves pron. then adv. theory n. there adv. therefore adv. they pron thick ady.
thickly adv. thickness n thief n. thin ady. thing n. think v
thinking n. thirsty ady. this del, pron. thorough ady,
thoroughly adv. though con)., adv. thought n. thread n. threat n. threaten v
threatening adj. throat n.
through prep. adv. throughout prep, adv. \ throw v.
throw sth away thumb n. Thursday n.
(abbr. Thur., Thurs.) thus adv ticket n tidy ady., v.
untidy ady. tie v., n.
tie sth up tight ady, odv
tightly adv till c> until lime n. timetable n.
(especially BrE) tin n. tiny ady. tip n., v.
tire v. (BrE, NAmE), n. (NAmE) (BrE tyre) tiring ady. tired adj. '
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R112
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tide n.	trust n., v.	unless cony.	view n., v.	
to prep., infinitive marker	truth n.	unlike co like	village n.	
today adv., n.	try v.	unlikely co likely	violence n.	
toe n.	tube n.	unload load	violent ody	
together adv.	Tuesday n.	unlucky co lucky	violently adv.	
toilet n.	(abbr. Tue., Tues.)	unnecessary	virtually adv.	■
tomato n.	tune n„ v	co necessary	virus n.	
tomorrow adv., n.	tunnel n.	unpleasant	visible ody.	
ton n.	turn v., n.	co pleasant	vision n.	
lone n	TVo television	unreasonable	visit v., n.	
tongue n.	twice adv.	co reasonable	visitor n.	
tonight adv., n.	twin n, adj.	unsteady o steady	vital ody.	
tonne n.	twist v., n.	unsuccessful	vocabulary n.	
too adv.	twisted adj.	co successful	voice n.	
tool n	type n., v.	untidy co tidy	volume n.	
tooth n.	typical adj	until (also till) cony., prep.	vote n., v	
top n., adj.	typically adv.	unusual, unusually		
topic n.	tyre n. (BrE)	co usual	wage n.	
total ady., n	(NAmE tire)	unwilling, unwillingly co	waist n.	
totally oflV.		willing	wait v.	
touch v., n.	ugly adj.	up adv., prep.	waiter, waitress n.	
tough ady.	ultimate adj.	upon prep.	wake (up) v.	
lour n, v.	ultimately adv	upper ady.	walk v, n	
tourist n.	umbrella n.	upset v., ady.	walking n.	
towards	unable co able	upsetting ady.	wall n.	
(also toward especially	unacceptable	upside down adv.	wallet n.	
in NAmE) prep.	co acceptable	upstairs adv., adj., n.	wander v., n.	
towel n	uncertain co certain	upwards	want v.	
tower n.	uncle n.	(also upward especially	war n	
town n.	uncomfortable	in NAmE) adv	warm ody'., v.	
toy n.. ady.	co comfortable	upward adj.	warmth n	
trace v., n.	unconscious	urban ady.	warn v.	
track n	co conscious	urge v., n.	warning n.	
trade n., v.	uncontrolled	urgent ady	wash v.	
trading n.	co control	us pron.	washing n.	
tradition n.	under prep., adv.	use v., n.	waste v., n., adj.	• / t,
traditional adj.	underground ady., adv.	used ady.	watch v., n.	
traditionally adv.	underneath	used to sth/to	water n.	
traffic n.	prep., adv.	doing sth	wave n., v.	
train n., v.	understand v	used to modal v.	way n	
training n.	understanding n.	useful ady.	we pron.	
transfer v., n.	underwater adj., adv.	useless ady.	weak adj.	
transform v.	underwear n.	user n.	weakness//.	
translate v.	undo <=> do	usual ady. ,	wealth n.	
translation n.	unemployed	usually adv	weapon n.	
transparent adj. .	o employ	unusual ady.	wear v.	
transport(8rf)	unemployment	unusually adv	weather //.	
(/MniFtransportation) n.	co employment		web n.	
transport v. (BrE, NAmE)	unexpected,	vacation n.	the Web n.	
trap n., v.	unexpectedly o expect	valid ady.	website //.	
travel v., n.	unfair, unfairly	valley n.	wedding n.	
traveller (BrE)	co fair	valuable ady	Wednesday n.	
(NAmE traveler) n.	unfortunate ady	value n., v.	(abbr. Wed., Weds.)	
treat v.	unfortunately adv.	van n.	week n.	
treatment n.	unfriendly co friendly	variation n	weekend n.	
tree n.	unhappiness	variety n.	weekly adj.	
trend n.	co happiness	various ady.	weigh v.	
trial n.	unhappy o happy	vary v.	weight n.	
triangle n.	uniform n., adj	varied ady.	welcome v., ady., n..	
trick n., v.	unimportant	vast ody.	exclamation	
trip n., v.	co important	vegetable n.      .■ -	well adv., adj..	
tropical adj.	union n	vehicle n.	exclamation	
trouble n.	unique adj	venture n, v	as well (as)	
trousers n.	unit n.	version n.	well known co know	
(especially BrE)	unite v.	vertical ady.	west n., adj., adv.	
truck n.	united ady.	very adv.	western ady.	
(especially NAmE)	universe n.	via prep.	wet ady	
true adj.	university n	victim n.	what pron. del	
truly adv.	unkind co kind	victory n.	whatever del, pron.	
Yours Truly (NAmE)	unknown c> know	video n.	wheel n	
when adv., pron., conj.	will modal v., n.	wonder v	writer n.
whenever cony.	willing ady.	wonderful ady.	wrong ady., adv.
where adv., conj.	willingly adv.	wood n.	go wrong
whereas conj.	unwilling ady.	wooden adj.	wrongly adv
wherever cony.	unwillingly adv.	wool n.	yard n.
whether cony.	willingness n.	word n.	
which pron., det.	win v.	work v., n.	yawn v., /).
while conj., n.	winning adj.	working adj.	yeah exclamation
whilstcony.	wind /wamd/ v.	worker n.	year n.
(especially BrE)	wind sth up	world n.	yellow ady., n.
whisper v., n.	wind /wind/ n	worry v., n.	yes exclamation, n.
whistle n., v	window n	worrying ady.	yesterday adv., n.
white adj., n.	wine n.	worried ady	yet adv., conj.
who pron	wing n.	worse, worst o bad	you pron.
whoever pron	winner n.	worship n., v	young adj.
whole ady., n.	winter n.	worth adj,	your det.
whom pron.	wire n	would modal v	yours pron.
whose det., pron.	wise ady.	wound a, v.	yourself pron.
why adv.	wish v., n.	wounded ody	youth n.
wide ady.	with prep.	wrap v	zero number
widely adv.	withdraw v.	wrapping n.	
width n	within prep.	wrist n.	zone n.
wife n.	without prep.	write v	
wild ady	witness n, v.	writing n.	
wildly adv	woman n.	written ady.	
R113
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Language study terms
Knowing these 80 words will be useful in your study of English and will also help you to use the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary more effectively. It includes words to do with grammar, pronunciation and punctuation.
abbreviation n. active ody., n. adjective n. adverb n. apostrophe n. article n
auxiliary (also auxiliary verb) n. bracket n. clause n. colon n. comma n.
comparative ady'., n. . compound n., ady conditional adj., n. conjunction n. consonant n. contraction n. countable ady. continuous
co progressive derivative n determiner n. dialect n entry n. exclamation n. exclamation mark
(especially BrE) (NAmE usually
exclamation point) n. figurative ody. full stop n. (BrE) gerund n. hyphen n.
idiom n.
imperative od/, n indirect speech co reported speech infinitive n. inverted commas co quotation marks ironic ady irregular adj. literal ody. literary ady. modal n noun n. object n. ordinal n. paragraph n. parenthesis n. part of speech (also word class) n. participle ri. particle n, passive adj., n. perfect adj. period n. (NAmE) phrasal verb n. plural//., ady. possessive ady., n. prefix n. preposition n.
progressive (also continuous) ody. pronoun n. punctuation n.
question mark n. question tag
(also lag question) n. quotation marks
(BrE also inverted commas) n. reflexive adj register n. regular ody. relative ady. reported speech
(also indirect speech) n saying n. semicolon n. simple adj singular n., adj slang 77. slash n. subject n. suffix n
superlative adj., n. syllable n. taboo! ady. tag question co question tag tense n.
uncountable ody. verb n. vowel n. word class co part of speech
The Oxford 3000™
R99
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The keywords of.the Oxford 3000 have been carefully selected by a group of language experts and experienced teachers as the words which should receive priority in vocabulary study because of their importance and usefulness. The selection is based on three criteria.
The words which occur most frequently in English are included, based on the information in the British National Corpus and the Oxford Corpus Collection. (A corpus is an electronically held collection of written or spoken texts, often consisting of hundreds of millions of words -for more information, visit the OALD website.) However, being frequent in the corpus alone is not enough for a word to qualify as a keyword: it may be that the word is used very frequently, but only in a narrowly defined area, such as newspapers or scientific articles. In order to avoid including these restricted words, we include as keywords only those words which are frequent across a range of different types of text. In other words, keywords are both frequent and used in a variety of contexts. In addition, the list includes some very important words which happen not to be used frequently, even though they are very familiar to most users of English. These include, for examples words for parts of the body, words used in travel, and words which are useful for explaining what you mean when you do not know the exact word for something. These words were identified by consulting a panel of over seventy experts in the fields of teaching and language study.
The words of the Oxford 3000 are shown in the main section of the dictionary in larger print, and with a key symbol wO immediately following. The entries for keywords often have extra information in the form of more examples of use, special notes explaining synonyms or related words, or helpful illustrations. This means that the keywords make an excellent starting point for expanding your vocabulary. With most keywords, there is far more to learn about them than the first meaning in the entry: often these words have many meanings, have a large family of words derived from them, or are used in a variety of patterns. All of this means that each one of the keywords repays close study.
The list covers British and American English. It is arranged to emphasize the connections between words, so that words which are very closely related (including adverbs ending in-ly and opposites starting with tin-) are grouped together. Some basic phrases are also included. Proper names (names of people, places, etc.,. beginning with a capital letter) and numbers are not included in the main list.
A separate list of words which are important for language study, but less important in everyday life, follows the main list on page r 113. Knowing these words will help you to understand more of the information given in the entries, especially regarding the word's grammar and register (whether it is formal, informal, etc.).
In order to make the definitions in this dictionary easy to understand, we have written them using the keywords of the Oxford 3000. All words used in normal definition text are keywords, or are on the list of language study terms. Numbers and proper names are also used in definitions. When it has been necessary to use a specialist term which is not in the Oxford 3000. the word is shown in small capitals. If you do not know the meaning of this word, look it up in the dictionary: it will help you to understand the definition that you are ... interested in, and will probably be a useful word to learn because it will be related to the original word you looked up.
Of course, your own interests and circumstances mean that you will certainly want to learn other words which are not part of the Oxford 3000. On pages R114-7 you will find specialist lists for those whose area of work or study is science, the arts, or business and finance. These words are the next most important words to learn after the Oxford 3000 if you are interested in one of these fields. The lists are based on analyses of specialist corpora and include the next most frequent words after the keywords of the Oxford 3000.
For more information on the Oxford 3000, and to download a copy of the list, visit the OALD website at http://www.oup.com/elt/oald 1