there is    there are
A
STATION   _^b__			
	I'lrll   ^	TRAINS g-30 12.15 9 15  If 00 10  30	1=
			
	life		
			CTL
	—^l|               __------		
S^^s			
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY SATURDAY
There's a man on the roof.        There's a train at 10.30.
There are
seven days in a week.
singular
there is .. is there ... ? there is not
plural
there are .. are there ... ? there are not
(there's)
(there isn't or there's not)
(there aren't)
8   There's a big tree in the garden.
o There's a good film on TV tonight.
9   A: Have you got any money? B- Yes, there's some in my bag.
•   A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here? B   Yes, there is. / No, there isn t.
•  We can't go skiing. There isn't any snow.
•  There are some big trees in the garden.
•   There are a lot of accidents on this road.
•   A- Are there any letters for me today? B- Yes, there are. / No, there aren t.
•   This restaurant is very quiet. There aren't many
e There are 11 players in a football team.
B        there is and it is
There's a book on the table. (not 'It's a book on the table.')
I like pďsbook|. It's interesting (it = this book)
Compare:                                                   ,    (it = that noise)
•   'What's that noxse?      It s a train.     i           =       ^ ^ There's a tram at 10.30. It s a last cram,    v
•   There's a lot of salt in this soup
I don't like this soup. It's too salty,    (it - this soup;
[80]
there was / were / has been etc.
it and there =* [»      Some and "** ** EIIH
EXERCISES
Kenham is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Kenham with There is/are or There isn't/aren't.
2  Jfy&žJ*$.&.^
1	a castle?	No
2	any restaurants?	Yes (a lot)
3	a hospital?	Yes
4	a swimming pool?	No
5	any cinemas?	Yes (two)
6	a university?	No
7	any big hotels?	No
Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are/isn't/aren't. 1   Jh^^.M^..fh.^b^..X^^^X.^^.,'.....                   4
2   ..Tb^^...^..!?^...P^.:.
3
Put in there is/there isn't/is there/there are/there aren't/are there.
1   Kenham isn't an old town.   lh$C&.$*$$.k.....any old buildings.
2   Look! ..............................................a photograph of your brother in the newspaper!
3   'Excuse me,..............................................a bank near here?'    'Yes, at the end of the street.'
4  ..............................................five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
5   'How many students..............................................in the class?'     'Twenty.'
6   'Can we take a photograph?'    'No,..............................................a film in the camera.'
7   '..............................................a bus from the city centre to the airport?'    'Yes. Every 20 minutes.'
8   '..............................................any problems?'    'No, everything is OK.'
9  ..............................................nowhere to sit down...............................................any chairs.
Write sentences with There are .... Choose from the boxes.
seven
nine
fifteen
twenty-six
thirty
fifty
letters players      days planets     states
September the USA a rugby team
the solar system the English alphabet
2   ...................................................................................
3   ...................................................................................
4   ...................................................................................
5   ...................................................................................
6   ...................................................................................
Put in there's / is there / it's / is it.
1   \TH?re S.. a train at 10.30.'    '.'.s jjb.... a fast train?'
2   I'm not going to buy this shirt.......................................very expensive.
3   'What's wrong?'    '......................................something in my eye.'
4  ......................................a red car outside the house.......................................yours?
5   '......................................anything on television tonight?'    'Yes,...............................
6   'What's that building?'    '......................................a school.'
7   '......................................a restaurant in this hotel?'    'No, I'm afraid not.'
a film at 8.15.
there was/were    there has/have been there will be
there was / there were (past)
So?
There is a train every
hour.
The time now is 11.15.
There was a train at U o clock.
Compare:
there is/are (present)
•  There is a good film on TV anight
•  We are staying at a very big hotel. There are 250 rooms.                         .
•  Are there any letters for me this morning.
•  I'm hungry but there isn't anything to eat.                                        ___________.
there was/were (past)
. There was a good film on TV last mght.
I Westayedataverybighotel. There were
250 rooms.                                        ,   -,
•  Were there any letters for me yesterday?
•  When I got home, 1 was hungry but there wasn't anythingtoeat^^_______
R       iW has been /there have been (present perfect)
there has bee                                       _     ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ an acaden,
■ there's been = there has been) . Slis very dangerous. There have been
many accidents.
Compare there was (past):
• There was an accident last night.
(not 'There has been an accident last night.)
C       there will be
For past simple and present perfect see Unit 20.
. Do you think there will be a lot of people at the
oarty on Saturday?                            .
• Themanager of the company is leaving, so
there will be a new manager soon. o ľm going away tomorrow. I'll do my packmg tolybecausethere won't be time tomorrow. (there won't be = there will not be)
[82]
there and it =* |p*!*El      «»» and any =» [113
EXERCISES
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty but what was in the room last week? Write sentences with There was... or There were ... + the words in the list.
UNIT
37
an armchair some books
a carpet a clock
some flowers three pictures
a sofa
a small table
1   ..IteS W<^. A. d^ck.....on the wall near the window.
2   ...................................................................................................................on the floor.
3   ...................................................................................................................on the wall near the door.
4  ...................................................................................................................in the middle of the room.
5   ...................................................................................................................on the table.
6   ...................................................................................................................on the shelves.
7   ...................................................................................................................in the corner near the door.
8   ...................................................................................................................opposite the door.
Put in there was / there wasn't / was there / there were / there weren't / were there.
1   I was hungry but W.QCP...w&sn..£... anything to eat.
2   .WS£5"..íí?.?£f:.... any letters for me yesterday?
3  ..............................................................a football match on TV last night. Did you see it?
4   'We stayed at a very nice hotel.'    'Did you?    ..............................................................a swimming pool?'
5   'Did you buy any eggs?'    'No,..............................................................any in the shop.'
6   The wallet was empty.    ..............................................................any money in it.
7   '..............................................................many people at the meeting?'    'No, very few.'
8   We didn't visit the museum...............................................................enough time.
9   I'm sorry I'm late...............................................................a lot of traffic.
10 Twenty years ago..............................................................many tourists here. Now there are a lot.
Put in there + Is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be.
1   Dlsr^.W^S... a good film on TV yesterday evening.
2 ..............................................................24 hours in a day.
3 ..............................................................a party at the club last Friday but I didn't go.
4   'Where can I buy a newspaper?'    '..............................................................a shop at the end of the street.'
5   'Why are those policemen outside the bank?'     '..............................................................a robbery'
6   When we arrived at the cinema,..............................................................a long queue to see the film.
7   When you arrive tomorrow,..............................................................somebody at the station to meet you.
8   Ten years ago....................................................500 children at the school. Now.....................................................
more than a thousand.
9   Last week I went back to the town where I was born. It's very different now:    ................................
.................................a lot of changes.
10 I think everything will be OK. I don't think..............................................................any problems.
[83]
KEY TO EXERCISES
29.4
2   Shall I turn off the television?
3   Shall I make some sandwiches?
4  Shall I turn on the light?
29.5
2  where shall we go?
3   what shall we buy?
4  who shall we invite?
30.1
2  I might see you tomorrow.
3  Ann might forget to phone.
4  It might snow today.
5   I might be late tonight.
6   Mary might not be here.
7  I might not have time to meet you.
30.2
2   1 might go away.
3   I might see her on Monday.
4  I might have fish.
5  I might get/take a taxi, or ... go by taxi.
6   I might buy a new car.
30.3
3  He might get up early.
4  He isn't / He's not  working tomorrow.
5   He might be at home tomorrow morning.
6  He might watch television.
7  He's going out in the afternoon.
8  He might go shopping.
30.4
Example answers:
1   I might read a newspaper.
2  I might go for a drink with some friends.
3   I might have an egg for breakfast.
31.1
2   Can you ski?
3   Can you play chess?
4   Can you run ten kilometres?
5   Can you drive?
6   Can you ride a horse?
7  I can/can't swim.
8   I can/can't ski.
9  I can/can't play chess.
10  1 can/can't run ten kilometres.
11   I can/can't drive.
12  I can/can't ride a horse.
4  can't find
5   can speak
31.2
2   can see
3   can't hear
31.3
2   couldn't eat
3   can't decide
4   couldn't find
5   can't go
6  couldn't go
31.4
2   Can/ Could you pass the salt, (please)?
3   Can/Could you tum off the radio, (please)?
4   Can/Could I have tomato soup, (please)?
5   Can/Could you give me your phone number, (please)?
6   Can/Could I borrow your pen, (please)? or
Can/Could you lend me...?
32.5	
3 needn't	7 must
4 had to	8 had to
5 must	9 needn't
6 mustn't	
UM1T33
33.1
2  You should go
3   You should clean
4  you should visit
5   you should wear
6  You should take
33.2
2   He shouldn't eat so much.
3   She shouldn't work so hard.
4  He shouldn't drive so fast.
33.3
2  Do you think I should learn (to drive)?
3  Do you think I should get another j ob?
4  Do you think I should invite Gary (to the party)?
33.4
3  I think you should sell it.
4  I think she should have a
jiiiil | in		holiday.
		5 I don't think they should get
32.1		married.
2 must meet		6 I don't think you should go to
3 must wash		work.
4 must learn		7 I think he should go to the
5 must go		doctor.
6 must win		8 1 don't think we should stay
7 must be		there.
32.2		33.5
2 I must           5	I had to	Example answers:
3 I had to          6	1 had to	2 I think everybody should have
4 I must           7	I must	enough food. 3 I think people should drive
32.3		carefully.
2 needn't hurry		4 I don't think the police should
3 mustn't lose		carry guns.
4 needn't wait		5 I think I should do more
5 mustn't forget		exercise.
6 needn't write		
32.4		
2 C         4 E		
3 A          5 B		
[272]
KEY TO EXERCISES
UNIT 34
34.1
2  have to do         4 have to speak
3   has to read         5 has to travel
34.2
2  have to go
3   had to buy
4  have to change
5   had to answer
34.3
2  did he have to wait
3   does she have to go
4   did you have to pay
5   do you have to do
34.4
2   doesn't have to wait.
3   didn't have to get up early.
4   doesn't have to work (so) hard.
5   don't have to leave now.
34.5
3   have to pay
4   had to borrow
5  must stop or have to stop
6  has to meet
7  must tell or have to tell
34.6
2   I have to go to work every day.
3   I have to write a letter tomorrow.
4   I had to go to the dentist yesterday.
35.1
2  Would you like an apple?
3   Would you like some coffee? / ... a cup of coffee?
4  Would you like some cheese? / ... a piece of cheese?
5  Would you like a sandwich?
6  Would you like some cake? / ... apiece of cake?
35.2
2  Would you like to play tennis tomorrow?
3  Would you like to see my holiday photographs?
4   Would you like to go to a concert next week?
5   Would you like to borrow my umbrella?
35.3
2  Do you like
3   Would you like
4  would you like
5   Would you like
6   Hike
7   would you like
8   Would you like
9  Do you like 10 I'd like
36.1
3  There's / There is   a hospital.
4  There isn't a swimming pool.
5   There are two cinemas.
6  There isn't a university.
7   There aren't any big hotels.
36.2
Example answers:
3   There is a university in ...
4  There are a lot of big shops.
5   There isn't an airport.
6  There aren't many factories.
36.3
2  There's / There is
3  is there
4  There are
5   are there
6  there isn't
7  Is there
8  Are there
9  There's / There is ... There aren't
36.4
2-6
There are nine planets in. the
solar system. There are fifteen players in a
rugby team. There are twenty-six letters in
the English alphabet. There are thirty days in
September. There are fifty states in the USA.
36.5	
2 It's	
3 There's	
4 There's .	.. Is k
5 Is there ..	. there's
6 It's	
7 Is there	
UNIT 37
37.1
2  There was a carpet
3   There were three pictures
4   There was a small table
5   There were some flowers
6   There were some books
7   There was an armchair
8   There was a sofa
37.2
3   There was
4  Was there
5   there weren't
6   There wasn't
7   Were there
8   There wasn't
9   There was
10 there weren't
37.3
2   There are
3   There was
4  There's / There is
5   There's been / There has been
6   there was
7   there will be
8   there were ... there are
9   There have been
10 there will be (or there are)
UNIT 38
38.1
2  It's cold.
3   It's windy.
4  It's sunny/fine. or It's a nice day.
38.2
2  It's/It is
3   Is it
4  is it... it's / it is
5   It's / It is
5   It's snowing.
6   It's cloudy.
6   Is it
7  is it
8   It's/It is
9  It's/It is
[273]