artkies in time expressions You don't use the when you talk about a day/week/month/year which is 'the next one' or 'the last one'. We saw him on Tuesday. (= last Tuesday) I'm going next week. NOT the next week I'm going to start in September. (= next September She worked hard last year. NOT the last year BUT I was ill during the last week of my holiday. go to exercise 8.4 8.4 Cross out the where it is used incorrectly. Be careful: one sentence is correct. 1 She went to Ibiza the last week. 2 I'll see you in the June. 3 I'd like to go on holiday the next month. 4 We're meeting the day after tomorrow. 5 I took my final exams the last year. present continuous for future positive and negative form He/She/It Vou/We/They short answers *m/'m not living. 's/ isn't ('s not) working. 're/aren't meeting. questions Is he/she working? Are you meeting him? Ves, I am. Yes, he / she is. Yes, you / we / they are. No, I'm not. No, he/she isn't. No, you/we/they aren't. You can use the present continuous to talk and ask about definite future plans and arrangements. I'm meeting my girlfriend after work. What are you doing this weekend? They're coming to the flat at 8 o'clock. go to exercise 8.5 You can also use be going to + verb to talk and ask about definite future plans and arrangements. I'm going to meet my girlfriend after work. What are you going to do this weekend? But there is a small difference: For plans you made with other people at a particular time or place, the present continuous is more common. I'm having dinner with my parents this evening. For plans 'in your own head', not made with other people, be going to is more common. I'm going to wash my hair this evening. go to exercise 8.6 8.5 Write the verbs in brackets in the present continuous. 1 He 3 evening. What time them? They ____ (work) with me this ______ (you see) _______ (not go) to the disco tonight. 4 I___________ (have) lunch with Jenny today. 5 She ,________ (not meet) us at the station. 8.6 Both forms (the present continuous and be going to) are correct in four of these sentences. Which four? 1 I'm spending / going to spend the evening with friends. 2 We're seeing / going to see my parents on Saturday. 3 I'm taking / going to take David to hospital this morning. 4 I'm looking / going to look for a job in January. 5 I'm working / going to work with my father this weekend. For a change, do an exercise in your head or orally with a partner. Check your answers, then write them in. 166 language reference mne present perfect (2): with for and since See p. 155 for forms. Use the present perfect to say that something started in the past and is still true now. She bought it last October. have a car October now She's had a car since October. = She bought it last October. She still has the car. NOT She has a car since October. I've Hved in this flat for three years. = I moved here three years ago. I still live here. John has worked for the BBC for three months. = He still works for the BBC now. For and since are common with the present perfect. x i-----------for --------------» j x since •-------------------------■» j fbr+a period of time I've been here for a week/six months/a long time. since+a point of time (when the period of time began) I've been here since October / Í0 o'clock /1 was a child. To ask about the period of time, use How long ..,? How long have you had that dog? (I know you have a dog now.) How long has she been a student? (I know she's a student now.) How long have they lived in Vancouver? (I know they live in Vancouver now.) For more information about the present perfect, go to go to exercises 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 shouldIshouldn't + verb positive and negative forms I/You/He/She/It/We/They short answers should do it. shouldn't do it. questions Should we go now? Yes, you/he should. No, you/he shouldn't. You can use should to say what is the correct or best thing to do. You should pay your bills quickly. = it's the correct thing to do NOT you should to pay We should leave before it starts raining. = it's the best thing to do You shouldn't drive; you're too tired. = it isn't a good idea You shouldn't wear jeans at work. = it isn't correct go to exercise 9.4 cover & check exercises 9.1 Circle the correct answer. 1 since seven years / seven o'clock 2 for about a week / last December 3 for 1999 / ten minutes 4 since last week / half an hour 5 for a day or two / Tuesday 9.2 Tick / the correct answers. 1 I've had a cat since I was six. A D I've got a cat now. BDI haven't got a cat now. 2 She had a cat for twelve years. A □ She's got a cat now. B D She hasn't got a cat now. 9.3 Write sentences using the present perfect. 1 Gill / have / long hair / 2004 2 I / not / see / him / three months 3 How long / you / live / Morocco? 4 She / be / photographer / a few years 5 I / know / Carol / last year Write in pencil, then you can rub out your answers and do the exercise again later. 9.4 Match 1 to 5 with a to e. 1 When you come to your English lesson, you shouldn't 2 If you don't understand a word, you should 3 If you have to do a test in class, you shouldn't 4 If your teacher asks you a question, you should 5 If you want to learn English quickly, you should a answer it. b work hard. c speak to anyone. d arrive late. e look it up in a dictionary. Language reference 167 I ten -ed/ -ing adjectives Some adjectives have an -ed and an -ing ending. interested/interesting relaxed /relaxing bored/boring excited/exciting worried/ worrying surprised / surprising embarrassed / embarrassing frightened / frightening -ed adjectives express how someone feels about a person, a thing, or a situation. I was frightened when I saw the dog. She was really bored, so she left the cinema before the end of the film. -ing adjectives describe people or things or situations. The dog was frightening. (It was a frightening dog.) She left the cinema before the end because the film was really boring. go to exercises 10.1 and 10.2 articles (5) When you are talking about pain and illness, be careful with articles. IVe got a headache. a cold. a pain in my arm/ leg, etc. BUT I've got a" toothache. stomach ache. earache. backache. flu (= influenza). Notice that you say: I've got a pain in my arm. NOT IVe got a pain in the arm. She hurt her leg. NOT She hurt the leg: go to exercise 10.3 cover & check exercises 10.1 Tick / the correct phrases. 1 □ an interested film 2 D a frightened child 3 D a relaxing weekend 4 D a surprised situation 5 D a worried man 10.2 Complete the sentences with a word from the box. worried/ing interested/ing relaxed/ing embarrassed/ing excited/ing 1 I read until two in the morning, because the book was very 2 I was really _ because I couldn't remember her name. 3 Did she feel ._______before her exams? 4 My young son always gets very _______ on his birthday. 5 I had a very -----------holiday, sitting on the beach and doing nothing. 10.3 Fill the gaps. If no word is necessary, put-. I had a terrible holiday recently, camping in the mountains. Every morning, I had '-----------pain in 2_______back from sleeping on the rocks. Because I was high up, I had 5_______headache all day, and the food I was eating gave me "----------- stomach ache. On the last day, I fell and hurt5_______leg and I had to go to hospital. Two days later, I got6----------- flu. Cover the grammar, then ,the exercise. Check the grammar again to help 168 language reference verb patterns When you learn a new verb, it's important to learn the structure that comes after it. verb + sb/sth verb + ro + sb/sth ask phone ring e-mail tell write to speak to talk to He asks his teacher a lot of questions. Vbu should talk to your doctor. A good dictionary will show you structures you can use after verbs, and will give examples. go to exercise 10.4 10.4 Circle the correct answer. 1 Could you e-mail me / to me later? 2 I told my teacher / to my teacher that I was tired. 3 Have you written your mother / to your mother recently? 4 I have to ring the school / to the school. 5 She spoke Michael / to Michael about the problem. For a change, do an exercise quickly in your head. eleven conditional sentences with will/might if+ present simple If we leave in ten minutes, If we leave later, If we have time, will! might* verb we'll (will) arrive at 6.00. we won't (will not) arrive at 6.00. we might go skiing this weekend. You can use if+ present tense to talk about present time or future time. If you leave now... = present time If you go to Alaska... = in the future NOT If you will go... You can use will to say you are sure about the result, and might if you are not sure. If you go to Alaska, it'll be cold. = you are sure about the weather If you go to Barcelona in March, it might be warm. = you're not sure You can also change the order of the sentence. If you go to the Alps now, there will be snow. There will be snow if you go to the Alps now. Notice there is no comma (,) in the second sentence. go to exercises 11.1 and 11.2 cover & check exercises 11.1 Circle the correct answers. 1 Do / Will you help me if I call / '11 call you? 2 We don't / won't eat outside if it's / '11 be cold this evening. 3 If you see / will see Jack, what do / will you say? 4 Where do / will you stay if you go / '11 go to Palma? 5 If it's / 'II be sunny, we go / might go for a picnic. 11.2 Write one missing word in each sentence. 1 I really like Joe. I go to his party if he invites me. 2 If you take your coat, you feel cold. 3 I'm not sure, but he go to school tomorrow if he feels better. 4 If you book the tickets today, they might cheaper. 5 What happen if you're late? Make a note of any differences between this grammar and your languag Language reference 169 twelve used to + verb positive and negative forms l/Vou/He/She/ We/They used to never used to* didn't use to five there. questions Did you use to live there? * Never used to is more common in spoken English than didn't use to. You can use used to to talk about habits and situations which were true in the past, but now have finished or are different. You can use the past simple with the same meaning. We used to live in Barcelona, but we don't any more. = we lived there for a period of time, but now we don't I used to go to that restaurant every week. = I did that in the past, but now I don't With used to, you cannot say how Long/how many times you did something. I used to go to that school for two years. (I went to that school for two years.) She used to go on holiday to Italy three times. (She went on holiday to Italy three times.) To talk about the present, don't use used to. Use usually. I usually play tennis at the weekends. NOT I use to play tennis. go to exercises 12.1 and 12.2 cover & check exercises 12.1 Do the pairs of sentences have the same meaning? Write S (same), or D (different). 1 a We used to go to the beach every weekend, but we don't any more, b We went to the beach every weekend, but now we don't. 2 a I never used to like jazz, but I do now. b I like jazz, but I didn't in the past. 3 a I usually go for a walk at lunch time, b I used to go for a walk at lunchtime. Cover the grammar, then try the exercise. Look at the grammar again if you're not sure. 12.2 Correct the errors. Be careful: two sentences are correct. 1 I used to go to school in Manchester. 2 You used to go to Rome a lot? 3 My brother used to live in that flat for a year. 4 We never used to have barbecues in the winter. 5 I used go out every evening when I was at university. For a change, do an exercise orally with a partner. 170 language reference thirteen conditional sentences with would //+ past simple, 'dlwould* verb If I had more time, I'd help you. NOT If I would have more time... If I knew the answer, I would tell you. If I lived there, I wouldn't be happy. You can also change the order of the sentence. If I knew the answer, I would tell you. I would tell you if I knew the answer. Notice there is no comma (,) in the second sentence. Use this structure to talk about present or future events that are imaginary/not real, or that you think will not happen. If I had some free time, I'd go on holiday. = but I don't have any free time If I knew the answer, I would tell you. = but I don't know the answer natural English if I were you,... You can use if I were Ava/ you to give advice when we are imagining another person's situation. | If I were you, I'd take that job in America. I wouldn't buy that car. go to exercises 13.1 and 13.2 verbs followed by -ing You can use the -ing form or a noun after these verbs: love, like, enjoy, hate. I love S walking. I don't like j cooking. S strawberries. j carrots. I enjoy j watching sport on TV. I hate j waiting for people. j sports programmes. j cold weather. You can also use an infinitive after love, like, and hate, but this is much less common in spoken English. go to exercise 13.3 cover & check exercises 13.1 Complete the sentences using the past simple and would + verb. 1 If we ----------------- (go) by taxi, we 2 Ifl tennis, I (get) there quicker. __ (play) John at (lose). 4 Ifl help. 5 If I _ -----(you still work) if you ___ (win) a lot of money? ______ (be) you, I — (ask) your boss for ______ (be) you, I ___________ (not spend) all the money. 13.2 Write the meaning of each sentence, as in the example. example If I had more money I'd buy a new computer. = But I don't have enough money, so I'm not going to buy a computer. 1 If they lived near us, we would see them every weekend. 2 If I had a car, I would drive there. 3 If I liked my flat, I would stay there. 13.3 Complete the sentences using a word from the box in the correct form. work go have listen eat 1 We really enjoy ________to the radio in the car. 2 When I was young, I hated ________ vegetables. Horrible! 3 I'm not going to invite Lucy because she doesn't like________ to parties. 4 My mother loves ________ breakfast in bed. 5 Does your brother like ________for that company? Cover the grammar, then try the exercise. Check the grammar again to help you. Language reference 171 defining relative clauses You can join sentences using the pronouns who (for people) or which (for things). That's the man. He helped me. Che' is 'the man') That's the man who helped me. NOT who he helped me This is the flat. It has a big garden. (SV is 'the flat') This is the flat which has a big garden. NOT which it has a big garden- That is also possible in place of who and which, as in these examples: He's the man that helped me. This is the house that has a big garden. go to exercise 13.4 13.4 Fill the gaps with who or which. 1 Do you like people — a lot? 2 I don't enjoy films — long. 3 Did you see the boy -riding the bike? 4 I work with someone born in Mozambique. 5 That's the book_____ laugh are too was was cost €50. Is this grammar the same in your language? If not, make a note of the difference. present and past passives The passive is formed with a tense of the verb be + past participle. be + past participle ___________________ present simple It's (is) made in China. They're (are) sent by train. past simple She was taken to hospital. We were given food. You often use the passive when you are more interested in what happens to someone/something than who does/did it. The passive is more common in written or formal English than in spoken or informal English. Here we are more interested in the book than the person who sent the book: passive____________________________________ The book was sent yesterday. Here we are more interested in Mrs Cameron: active Mrs Cameron sent the book yesterday because her secretary was on holiday. You can use a passive and also say who does/did the action by using by + noun. The bags were taken to our room by one of the porters. NormaLly, you only include by + noun if this information is important. natural English phrases using the passive These phrases are very common in English. What's this called in English? = What's the word for this in English? I was born in 1980. = My life started in 1980. This furniture's made in France. = The French make this furniture. go to exercises 14.1 and 14.2 cover & check exercises 14.1 Are the sentences active or passive? Write A or P. 1 They don't work here. 2 The food is served in the dining room. 3 He was taken to hospital. 4 She was angry when it happened. 5 We weren't told about the fire. 14.2 Change these sentences from active to passive. 1 They make computer parts here. 2 They send the food to the market. 3 They took the man to the station. 4 They sent the children home early. 5 They sold the car yesterday. Write in pencil, then you can rub out your answers and do the exercise again later. 172 language reference compound nouns Two or three words can go together to form a new word, called a compound noun. bus stop « a place where buses stop for people to get on sunglasses = glasses you wear when it is sunny post office = a place where you can buy stamps, post letters, etc. washing machine = a machine which washes clothes Most compounds are written as two words, e.g. bus stop, but some are one word, e.g. sunglasses. A few have hyphens, e.g. T-shirt. You can use a dictionary to check. go to exercise 14.3 could for requests You can use could to ask for things, or to ask people to do things. Could I borrow your pen, please? NOT Could I te borrow...? Could you clean the board for me? Could I possibly leave early today? Use possibly for a 'big' request, when it is important to be very polite. You don't need to use please with Could I possibly ...? Can is also possible for requests, but is a bit more direct/less polite. When you want to attract someone's attention, say excuse me or sorry. Excuse me/Sorry, could you move your chair? go to exercise 14.4 14.3 Match words from A and B to form compound nouns. A credit car pop bus post washing B office star machine park card stop Is this grammar the same in your language? If not, make a note of the difference. 1 14.4 Write requests for these situations. Use could. You want to borrow someone's dictionary. You want someone to open the window. You want to speak to your teacher after class. You want someone to take your books to the classroom. You want someone to help you with your homework. language reference 173 irregular verbs verb past simple be beat become begin bite /bait/ blow break bring build /bild/ burn /b3:n/ buy can catch choose /tjurz/ come cost cut do draw /dro:/ dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight /fait/ find % forget forgive freeze get give go grow have hang hear hide /haid/ hit hold hurt /h3:t/ keep know lead /lhd/ Learn Leave was/were beat became began bit /bit/ b Lew /blu:/ broke brought /bro:t/ built burnt/burned bought /bo:t/ could /kod/ caught /ko:t/ chose /tjaüz/ came cost cut did drew /dru:/ dreamt /dremt//dreamed drank drove ate /et/ or /eit/ fell fed felt fought /fort/ found flew /flu:/ forgot forgave froze got gave went grew /gru:/ had hung /h.Arj/ heard /h3:d/ hid /hid/ hit held hurt kept knew led /led/ learnt/learned left past participle been /bin/ beaten become begun bitten blown broken brought built burnt/burned bought been able to caught chosen come cost cut done drawn dreamt/dreamed drunk /dr/vrjk/ driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven frozen got given been /bin// gone grown had hung heard hidden hit held hurt kept known Led Learnt/Learned left verb Lend let light lose /lu:z/ make mean /mi:n/ meet pay put read /ri:d/ ride /raid/ ring rise run say see sell send set shoot show shut sing sit sleep smell speak spend spill split stand steal stick swim take tear /tea/ tell think throw understand wake wear /weo/ win write past simple Lent let Lit lost made meant /ment/ met paid put read /red/ rode rang rose ran said /sed/ saw sold sent set shot showed shut sang sat slept smelled /smelt spoke spent spi lied/spi It split stood stole stuck /stAk/ swam took tore /to:/ told thought /0o:t/ threw /0ru:/ understood woke wore /wo:/ won /wAn/ wrote past participle lent let lit lost made meant met paid put read /red/ ridden /'ndon/ rung /rArj/ risen /'rizon/ run said seen sold sent set shot shown shut sung sat slept smelled/smelt spoken spent spilled/spiIt split stood stolen stuck swum /swAm/ taken torn /torn/ told thought thrown understood woken worn /worn/ won written 174 language reference OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam oxford and oxford English are registered trade marks of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 2011 2010 2009 2008 10 9 8 7 6 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted bylaw, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only. Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content. isbn: 978 0194392976 Printed in China acknowledgements The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to reproduce the following extracts and adaptations of copyright materiál: p.12 Extract from "True Confessions' © The Observer, 14 July 2002. Reproduced by permission of Guardian News Services; p.17 Extract from 'What do we eat?' by Peter Menzel published in "The Stuff of Life', Guardian Weekend Magazine, 4 January 2003 © 2003 fdaScrive/ menzelphoto.com. Reproduced by permission of Menzel Photography; p.28 Extract from 'Man in a Suitcase' by Richard Johnson © The Sunday Times Magazine. Reproduced by permission of The Sunday Times; p.35 Extract from 'Shop until they drop' by Sarah Shannon, Evening Standard, 15 March 2002 © Evening Standard/Solo Syndication. Reproduced by permission of Solo Syndication; p.51 Extract from 'How to do well in exams' from National University of Ireland's online examination factsheet www.mis.nuigalway.ie. Reproduced by permission of the National University of Ireland; p.58 Extract from 'The Tomorrow People' © The Guardian, April 2000. Reproduced by permission of Guardian News Services; p.68 Extract from 'Honeymoon from hell for Mr and Mrs Jinx' by David Smith, Express 6 March 2002. Reproduced by permission of Express Syndication; p.89 Extract from 'Meanwhile, back in the fifties...' froniHouseteepingMonthly, 13 May 1955. First published in The independent, 13 May 1998. Reproduced by permission of The Independent; p.104 Extract from 'What can you do in your office?' by Catherine Bassindale, Evening Standard, 29 November 2000 © Evening Standard/Solo Syndication. Reproduced by permission of Solo Syndication; Phonemic chart reproduced with the kind permission of Adrian Underbill and available from Macmillan ELT. Sources: p.74 'Free time in Ecuador' by Juana Sotomayor: p.75 'Free time in Hong Kong' by Carol Tabor; p.131 www.japaneseguesthouses.com Although every effort has been made to trace and contact copyright holders before publication, this has not been possible in some cases. We apologize for any apparent infringement of copyright and if notified, the publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. Recordings directedby: Martin Williamson, Prolingua Productions. Technical presentation by: Damn Bowen, recorded at The Soundhouse Ltd. illustrations by: Claire Bretécher pp.6,7,44 (Agrippine with book, Byron at desk), 45,72,73,102,103, and cover illustrations copyright © Claire Bretécher 2005. Other illustrations: Fred van Deleen / The Organisation pp.30,32,42, 54, 60, 61; Bob Dewar p.101; Emma Doddpp.19,36, 38, 39,49, 57 (weatherman), 58 (wheel, rock), 67,105,153,156,157,161,164,167,168; Mark Duffin pp.46,134; Martin Farrow pp.29,69,100,124, 146; Stuart Holmes /Illustration p.87; Joy Gosney p.133; Kveta/ 3 in a Box pp.57 (weather conditions), 92 / 93; Belle Mellor / 3 in a Box: pp.24,120; Paul Oakley pp.44 (bicycle, suitcases, carrot, church, earrings, footballer), 88; Andrew Pavitt / The Organisation pp.81,121 (professions); Gavin Reece pp.22, 34, 37,43, 50, 64, 82, 94 / 95. 98,121 (ballerina, footballer), 126, 129,139,147; Lee Woodgate pp.40. 70. The Publisher and Authors would also Iifce to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy Images pp.26 (skyscrapers / ImageState), 46 (group of students / ImageState), 51 (students in exam hall / Apex News and Pictures Agency), 52 (students taking exams / Sally and Richard Greenhill), 66 (outdoors picnics/ ImageState). 76 (paddling feet/plainpicture), 116 (Julie Pankhurst and Steve Pankhurst); Corbis pp.9 (Tiger Woods / Reuters), 26 (hut made from cans / Nartub Harvey / Gallo Images), 58 (rock painting / Diego Lezama Orezzoli), 125 (cooking / LWA-Stephen Welstead), (couple dancing /Jim Naughten), 131 (woman in traditional Japanese inn/ Michael S Yamashita), (hotel room / Kevin Fleming); Getty Images cover (Whit Preston / blue sky), cover and throughout (Uwe Krejci / two people), pp.8 (man leaning / Seth Joel /Taxi), 9 (Brad Pitt / Junko Kimura), 9 (Donatella Versace on catwalk / Pierre Verdy/ AFP), 11 (smiling woman / Bruce Laurence / Photographer's Choice), 11 (smilinggirl), 16 (three-generation family at table /Adrian Weinbreht / Stone+), 16 (Chinese family at breakfast / AJA Productions). 26 (cottage on an island / Michael Melford / Photograher's Choice), 31 (man with guitar/ Stephen Simpson / Taxi), 32 (young woman / Antonio Mo / Taxi), 38 (man smil ing / Steve McAlister / Image Bank), 47 (teacher and blackboard / Sean Justice / linage Bank), 56 (businessman smiling/Reza Estakhrian / Stone+). 63 (giraffe/Nick Caloyians/National Geographic), 76 (cutting woman's hair / Lifestock/ Stone+), 80 (Fulton County Stadium, Georgia/ Marvin E Newman/ ImageBank), 84 (Venice /David Norton / Taxi), 86 (woman with dog/ Britt Erlanson / Image Bank). 86 (couple in front of a house /Jonathan Kim / Photographer's Choice), 90 (woman in front of a house / Mike Powell / ImageBank), 97 (woman on the phone / Tim Hall / Taxi), 108 (Balearic Islands beach / Rudolf Pigneter / Stone), 115 (young man at laptop / Ken Reid / ImageBank), 115 (young woman at laptop / Christoph Wilhelm / Taxi), 122 (speed dating in New York / Chris Hondos), 125 (driver / Stone+), 128 (smiling man in striped shirt / Ryan McVay / Taxi), 128 (smiling woman / Steward Cohen/ImageBank), 135 (man walking through an airport hall / Daniel Allan /Taxi), 137 (businessman at hotel reception / Reza Estakhrian / Stone+); Impact Photos Ltd p.17 (kitchen / Peter Menzel); Kent News 81 Pictures p.68 (unlucky couple); OUP pp.17 (onion/Stockbyte), 17 (spinach/PhotoDisc), 17(pasta/ StockByte), 17 (aubergine / Ingram), 17 (bowl of rice / PhotoDisc), 17 (chickpeas / Stockbyte), 17 (carrots / Ingram), 17 (grapes/PhotoDisc), 17(courgette/ Stockbyte), 17 (bread/ PhotoDisc), 17 (red peppers / PhotoDisc), 18 (bread / Photodisc), 18 (carrots / Ingram). 25 (onion, courgette, green pepper, chick peas/Stockbyte), (coke can/Hemera), (spinach, rice, bread/Photodisc), (aubergine / Ingram), (carrots/ Ingram), 25 (green pepper / Stockbyte), 25 (can of tuna /Foodcollection), 35 (bunch of tulips / PhotoDisc), 35 (melon / Stockbyte), 48 (two women looking through papers, teens studying / PhotoDisc), 53 (Julia Ford, Seema Bowri), 55 (Gertrude Thoma): 65 (Tyler Butterworth), 56 (young man / ImageSource), 63 (airplane on runway / PhotoDisc), 63 (bicycle on railing / PhotoDisc), 76 (people with shopping bags / Stockbyte), 80 (friends at table). 80 (barbecue/ PhotoDisc), 108 (skier on slope); PhotoLibrary.com pp.10 (family/Andre Lichtenberg), 27 (man in blue jacket), 48 (girl writing), 54 (Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany). 56 (Holloko Village. Hungary), 63 (tiger licking its lips), 63 (lime green car), 80 (people at gig), 84 (woman with dog on stairs), 86 (man driving a convertible), 90 (bedroom), 97 (man on mobile phone), 110 (portrait of a woman / PhotoDisc), 110 (portrait of smiling girl / PhotoDisc), 110 (smiling woman / ImageSource), 110 (portrait of a man / PhotoDisc), 110 (teenage boy / ImageSource), 112 (tropical beach / PhotoDisc), 112 (skiers on slope/PhotoDisc), 112 (boy in red playing clarinet), 112 (girl with baseball bat), 125 (cyclists/Photodisc), (sunbathing/Photodisc), 130 (hotel exterior), 136 (hotel exterior); Photonica pp.11 (teenage girl), 11 (smiling woman / Iconica), 63 (rabbit / Neo Vision), 66 (people on a beach / Paul Winter), 76 (couple sitting on grass /John Lamb), 91 (man sitting on the floor / Ranald Mackechnie), 108 (Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro / Samba Photo), 110 (smiling man/Manfred Rutz), 112 (people in nightclub / Ian Beesley), 131 (businessman in capsule hotel/ daisuke Akita); Pierre d'Alancaisez pp.17 (frozen peas in bag), 17 (black olives in a bowl), 35 (woman's leather coat), (washing machine); Punchstock pp. 15 (family group / Image 100), 48 (man studying in library / ImageSource), 56 (cityscape at night/ imageshop), 66 (family camping with tent / GoodShot), 88 (women having coffee / PhotoDisc), 96 (woman with telephone headset / PhotoDisc), 104 (office workers / PhotoDisc), 107 (family group / Stockbyte), 107 (teenage girl / PhotoAlto), 112 (woman riding horse on beach / image 100), 118 (group having cocktails / Banana Stock). 122 (speed dating in NYC). 125 (chocolates/Bananastock), (father 81 son/ Photodisc). (washing up / Digital Vision); Rex Features pp.9 (Jennifer Aniston), 9 (Kylie Minogue). 9 (Luciano Pavarotti). 9 (Ralph Fiennes / Richard Young), 28 (refugee / Sipa Press), 52 (children in a classroom. Vietnam), (children in classroom), 63 (Halle Berry), (Nicole Kidman), (Sigourney Weaver), 74 (salsa dancing), 75 (horse racing in Hong Kong); Solo Syndication p.35; Tips Images Ltd. p.130 (house and swimming pool/ Patti McConville); Travel Stock Photography p.26 (narrowboat in Stratford/Buddy Mays); Zefa Visual Media UK Ltd pp.47 (girl with folder). 78 (couple in bar), 80 (couple dancing in a club). 108 (house on the coast), 109 (house on the coast at sunset). 112 (barbecue grill), (playing cards). Commissioned photographs: Studio and location photography by Mark Mason pp.10 and throughout (test your partner), 11 (Robert and Harriet), 12,13,20, 21,113,127; HaddonDaviesp.35 (phone); Steve Betts back cover pocket (authors). The Publisher and Authors would lite to thank the/o!lo\ving readers and teachers for their invaluable help with the development of the student's book, listening booklet, and teacher's book material: Theresa Clementson, Jo Cooke, Rachel Dudley, Jane Hudson, Amanda Jeffries, Julie Moore, Louise Williams. The Authors would particularly like to thank the/ollovving people/or their help with the initial research and piloting: Martin Blaszk, Jo Cooke, Harriet distance, Rachel Dudley, Jane Hudson. Roger House. Roger Hunt, Amanda Jeffries, Alexandra Kalmar, Liz Long, Sian Morgan, Dan Parsons, Marisa Perazzo, Tim Souster, Josie Reeder, Jo Savage, David Scott, Lyn Scott, Richard Sutton, Carol Tabor, Louise Taylor, Veronika Tóth, Kelley Tsehetter, Michael Tschetter, Claire Vickers, Louise Williams, Robyn Zayade, Anna Zurowska-Moroney, and the teachers at International House, Bath. The Publisher and Authors would also like to thank: Theresa Clementson for reading and editing the workbook, Martin Williamson for his enormous contribution to the shaping of the listening material, and to (all the) the following actors whose own ideas, anecdotes, and humour are such an important part of the recordings: Gareth Armstrong, Judy Bennett, Russell Bentley, Seema Bowri, Lynne Brackley, Jenny Bryce, Tyler Butterworth, Jane Collingwood, DeNica Fairman, Julia Ford, James Goode, Damien Goodwin, Nigel Greaves, Joanna Hall, Cate Hamer, John Hasler, Federay Holmes, Jonathan Keeble, Lorelei King, Michael King, Jane MacDowell, Roger May, Nicolette McKenzie, Nick Mercer, Eric Meyers, David Monteath, Willow Nash, Steven Pacey, Juliet Prague, Phoebe Scholfield, Gertrude Thoma, Patience Tomlinson, Gillian Walton.