The Cambridge Handbook of Human Dignity Interdisciplinary Perspectives Edited by MARCUS DÜWELL JENS BRAARVIG ROGER BROWNSWORD and DIETMAR MIETH Assisted by NAOMI VAN STEENBERGEN and DASCHA DÜRING cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge. org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521195782 © Cambridge University Press 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2014 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data The Cambridge handbook of human dignity: interdisciplinary perspectives / edited by Marcus Duwell, Jens Braarvig, Roger Brownsword and Dietmar Mieth; assisted by Naomi van Steenbergen and Dascha During, pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-19578-2 (hardback) I. Respect for persons - taw and legislation. I. Duwell, Marcus, 1962- editor of compilation. II. Braarvig, Jens, editor of compilation. III. Brownsword, Roger, editor of compilation. IV. Mieth, Dietmar, editor of compilation. K3249.C36 2014 341.4'8 - dc23 2013030652 isbn 978-0-521-19578-2 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. List of contributors Foreword Why a handbook on human dignity? Acknowledgments Human dignity from a legal perspective ROGER BROWNSWORD Human dignity: concepts, discussions, philosophical perspectives MARCUS DUWELL pagex xv xvii xxiii 23 Part I Origins of the concept in European history 3 Meritocratic and civic dignity in Greco-Roman antiquity 53 JOSIAH OBER 4 Human dignity in the Middle Ages (twelfth to fourteenth century) 64 RUEDIIMBACH 5 Human dignity in late-medieval spiritual and political conflicts 74 DIETMAR MIETH 6 Human dignity in Renaissance humanism 85 PIET STEENBAKKERS 7 The Council of Valladolid (1550-1551): a European disputation about the human dignity of indigenous peoples of the Americas 95 LARS KIRKHUSMO PHARO 8 Martin Luther's conception of human dignity 101 OSWALD BAYER 9 Natural rights versus human dignity: two conflicting traditions 108 PAULINE C. WESTERMAN 10 Rousseau and human dignity 117 THEO VERBEEK Contents 11 Human dignity and socialism 126 QEORG LOHMANN 12 Human dignity in the Jewish tradition 135 YAIR LORBERBAUM Part II Beyond the scope of the European tradition 13 The concepts of human dignity in moral philosophies of indigenous peoples of the Americas 147 LARS KIRKHUSMO PHARQ 14 Human dignity in the Islamic world 155 MIKLÓS MARÓTH 15 Hinduism: the universal self in a class society 163 JENS BRAARVIG 16 Buddhism: inner dignity and absolute altruism 170 JENS BRAARVIG 17 Human dignity in traditional Chinese Confucianism 177 LUO AN'XIAN 18 Dignity in traditional Chinese Daoism 182 QIAO qiNG-JU Part III Systematic conceptualization 19 Social and cultural presuppositions for the use of the concept of human dignity 191 GESA LINDEMANN 20 Is human dignity the ground of human rights? 200 GOVERT DEN HARTOGH 21 Human dignity: can a historical foundation alone suffice? From Joas' affirmative genealogy to Kierkegaard's leap of faith 208 CHRISTOPH HŮBENTHAL 22 Kantian perspectives on the rational basis of human dignity 215 THOMAS E. HILL, JR 23 Kantian dignity: a critique 222 SAMUEL j. KERSTEIN 24 Human dignity and human rights in Alan Gewirth's moral philosophy 23a DERYCK BEYLEVELD Contents 25 Human dignity in the capability approach RUTGER CLAASSEN 26 Human dignity in Catholic thought DAVID H0LIENBACH, SJ 27 Jacques Maritain's personalist conception of human dignity PAUL VALADIER 28 Scheler and human dignity ZACHARY DAVIS 29 Dignity and the Other: dignity and the phenomenological tradition PETER ATTERTON 30 Dignity, fragility, singularity in Paul Ricceur's ethics MAUREEN JUNKER-KENNY 31 Human dignity as universal nobility CHRISTIAN NEUHAUSER AND RALF STOECKER 32 Dignity in the ubuntu tradition THADDEUS METZ 33 Posthuman dignity MARTIN G. WEISS 34 Dignity as the right to have rights: human dignity in Hannah Arendt CHRISTOPH MENKE 35 Individual and collective dignity MICHA WERNER 240 250 260 269 276 286 298 310 319 332 343 Part IV Legal implementation 36 Equal dignity in international human rights BAS 0E GAAY FORTMAN 37 Is human dignity a useless concept? Legal perspectives JUDGE CHRISTIAN BYK 38 Human dignity in French law STEPHANIE HENNETTE-VAUCHEZ 39 Human dignity in German law HORST DREIER 40 Human dignity in US law CARTER SNEAD 355 362 368 375 386 Contents Contents 41 Human dignity in South American law CLAUDIA LIMA MARQUES AND LUCAS LIXINSKI 42 Human dignity in South African law ANTON FAGAN 43 The Islamic world and the alternative declarations of human rights ANN ELIZABETH MAYER 44 The protection of human dignity under Chinese law PERRY KELLER 45 Human dignity in Japanese law SHIQENORI MATSUI 46 The place of dignity in the Indian Constitution UPENDRA BAXI Part V Conflicts and violence 47 Human dignity and war ANDREAS HASENCLEVER 48 Treatment of prisoners and torture DAVID LUBAN 49 Human dignity and prostitution NORBERT CAMPAGNA 50 Human dignity, immigration and refugees GORAN COLLSTE 394 40] 407 414 422 429 439 446 454 461 56 The rise and fall of freedom of online expression MATHIAS KLANG Part VII 57 58 59 60 61 62 Biology and bioethics The threefold challenge of Darwinism to an ethics of human dignity CHRISTIAN ILLIES On the border of life and death: human dignity and bioethics MARCUS OUWELL Human dignity and commodification in bioethics ALASTAIR V. CAMPBELL Dignity only for humans? A controversy ROBERT HEEGER Dignity only for humans? On the dignity and inherent value of non-human beings PETER SCHABER Human dignity and future generations MARCUS DUWELL Appendix 1 Further reading Appendix 2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Index 505 517 526 535 541 54<5 551 559 563 570 Part VI Contexts of justice 51 Human dignity and social welfare KLAUS STEIGLEDER 52 Dignity and global justice THOMAS POGGE 53 Human dignity and people with disabilities SIGRID GRAUMANN 54 Human dignity as a concept for the economy ELIZABETH ANDERSON 55 Human dignity and gender inequalities ANNIKA THIEM 471 477 484 492