Practice 107 Interesting and interested 1 Introduction MIKE IS READING ABOUT UFOS. interesting The book is full of information. It's very interesting. The word interesting tells us what the book does to Mike - it interests him. A book can be interesting, boring, exciting or amusing, for example. 2 Adjective pairs Here are some more examples. Tom told us an amusing story. The two-hour delay was annoying. I didn't enjoy the party. It was boring. This computer has some very confusing instructions. This wet weather is so depressing. It was very disappointing not to gel the job. The game was really exciting. Going for a jog with Matthew is exhausting. I thought the programme on wildlife was fascinating. For one frightening! terrifying moment I thought I was going to fall. I just don't understand. I find the whole thing rather puzzling. Lying in a hot bath is relaxing. I think the way Jessica behaved was quite shocking. The test results were surprising. What thrilling news this is! Congratulations! The journey took all day and night. They found it very tiring. interested Mike is very interested in UFOs. The word interested tells us how Mike feels. A person can feel interested, bored, excited or amused, for example. We were amused at Tom's story. The passengers were annoyed about the delay. I went to the party, but I felt bored. 1 got very confused trying to make sense of the instructions. This weather makes me so depressed. I was very disappointed not to get the job. The United fans were excited. I'm exhausted after jogging all that way. I watched the programme on wildlife. I was absolutely fascinated. When I got onto the roof, I felt frightened/terrified. I must say I'mpuzzled. 1 just don't understand. I feel relaxed when I lie in a hot bath. I was quite shocked to see Jessica behaving like that. I was surprised at the test results. We were thrilled to hear your good news. After travelling all day and night they were very tired. A Interesting and interested (1-2) What are they saying? Put in these words: depressing, exciting, exhausted, fascinating, * ' " 1 --------- 2 ) r---3 interested ► This is a deprasjirvj p|ace 1 I'm absolutely ..... in astronomy. 3 Chess is a 4 This is really game. B Interesting and interested (1-2) Complete the conversation. Write the complete word in each space. ) film, wasn't it? ................(surpris...) you liked it. I thought it (disappoint..,). (puzzl...) once or twice. I didn't understand the ........... (confus...) in places. But the end was good. (bor...) most of the time. I didn't find it very Vicky: Rachel: Vicky: Rachel: That was an (►) .axcitir^ (excit. Oh, do you think so? I'm (1) was rather (2) Well, I was (3) whole story. It was {4) I was (5) (6)....... ......... (interest...). C Interesting and interested (1-2) Complete the conversations using a word ending in -ing or -ed. I'm surprised how warm it is for March. Yes, all this sunshine is quite swrprisii^. I'm not very fit. I was pretty tired after climbing the mountain Yes, I think everyone felt tired. I think I need to relax. Well, lying by the pool should be........................ It was annoying to lose my ticket. You looked really ...................... The cabaret was amusing. Claire was certainly........................ The museum was interesting, wasn't it? It was OK. I was quite............ I'm fascinated by these old photos. I always find it.................. Was it a big thrill meeting Tom Hanks? You bet. It was just about the most ....... You look exhausted. You should go to bed Driving down from Scotland was pretty > David: Melanie: Vicky: Natasha: 1 Trevor: Laura: 2 Vicky: Emma: 3 Sarah: Mark: 4 Daniel: Rachel: 5 Matthew: Emma: 6 Rachel: Vicky: 7 Sarah: Mark: when you had to buy another one. . She couldn't stop laughing, in those old maps, to see what people looked like as children. .................moment of my life. PAGE 252 • ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • PACE 253 Practice 108 Adjective or adverb? (1) 1 Introduction Vicky: 1 like that song that Natasha sang. Yes, it's a nice song. And she sang it nicely, too. Rachel; An adjective (nice) describes a noun (song). The man had a quiet voice. Claire wears expensive clothes. The runners made a slow start. An adverb (nicely) describes a verb (sang). The man spoke quietly. Claire dresses expensively. They started the race slowly. We do not say She sang it nice. We can use adverbs in other ways. An adverb like really or very can be combined with an adjective (hot) or another adverb (carefully) (see Unit 115). It was really hot in the sun. Andrew checked his work very carefully. An adverb like fortunately or perhaps says something about the whole situation. Fortunately nothing was stolen. Perhaps Sarah is working late. The -ly ending We form many adverbs from an adjective + -ly. For example politely, quickly, safely. But there are some special spelling rules. 1 We do not leave out e, e.g. nice -> nicely Exceptions are true -»truly, whole -» wholly. 2 -y -»-ily after a consonant, e.g. easy -» easily, lucky -> luckily Also angrily, happily, heavily, etc. 3 4e -> -ly, e.g. possible -» possibly Also comfortably, probably, reasonably, sensibly, terribly, etc. 4 -ic -»-ically, e.g. dramatic -» dramatically Also automatically, scientifically, etc. (Exception: publicly) Looked nice and looked carefully Compare these two structures. linking verb + adjective Tom was hungry. The children seemed happy. My soup has got cold. An adjective can come after a linking verb such as be (see Unit 104.2). action verb + adverb Paid ate hungrily. The children played happily. The man stared coldly at us. We use an adverb when the verb means that something happens. Some verbs like look, taste and appear can be either linking verbs or action verbs. linking verb - adjective Mike looked angry. The medicine tasted awful. The man appeared (to be) drunk. > page 380 American English PACE 254 • ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS action verb + adverb He looked carefully at the signature. Emma tasted the drink nervously. A waiter appeared suddenly. A Adverbs (1-2) This is part of a story about a spy called X. Put in adverbs formed from these adjectives: bright, careful, fluent, immediate, patient, punctual, quiet, safe, secret, slow The journey took a long lime because the train travelled so (►) slowly. It was hot, and the sun shone (1) ................... from a clear sky. X could only wait (2) ... . ...... for the journey to end. When the train finally arrived, he had no time to spare, so he (3)................took a taxi to the hotel. Y was on time. She arrived (4) ....................at three. No one else knew about the meeting - it was important to meet (5)....................'I had a terrible journey,' said Y. 'But luckily the pilot managed to land (6) .....................' Her English was good, and she spoke very (7) X was listening (8)........... to every word. They were speaking very (9)................. in case the room was bugged. B The -ly ending (2) Look at the information in brackets and put in the adverbs. Be careful with the spelling. ► (Emma's toothache was terrible.) Emma's tooth ached terribly. 1 (Henry was angry.) Henry shouted........................................................................ at the waiter. 2 (I'm happy sitting here.) I can sit here........................................ for hours. 3 (The switch is automatic.) The machine switches itself off........ ..... ..... 4 (The debate should be public.) We need to debate the matter......... .......... . 5 (Everyone was enthusiastic.) Everyone discussed the idea.......................................................... 6 (We should be reasonable.) Can't we discuss the problem . .................... ? 7 (The building has to be secure.) Did you lock all the doors...........................................? C Adverb or adjective? (1-2) Decide what you need to say. End your sentence with an adverb ending in -ly. ► Tell the police that you can't remember the accident. It isn't very clear in your mind. f*r,'1 •TMfM^ff I'r.c A.ccide.i\t very cleAriy, 1 Tell your friend that United won the game. It was an easy win. 2 Tell your boss that you've checked the figures. You've been careful. 3 Tell your neighbour that his dog barked at you. It was very fierce. 4 You are phoning your friend. Tell him about the rain where you are. It's quite heavy. D Adverb or adjective? (1-3) Vicky is telling Rachel about a dream she had. Choose the correct forms. I had a (►) stranqe/atranqcly dream last night. I was in a garden. It was getting (1) dark/darkly, and it was (2) terrible/terribly cold. My head was aching (3) bad/badly. I was walking out of the garden when (4) sudden/suddenly I saw a man. He was sitting (5) quiet/quietly on a seat. He seemed very (6) unhappy/unhappily. He looked up and smiled (7) sad/sadly at me. I don't know why, but I felt (8) curious/curiously about him. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn't think what to say. I just stood there (9) foolish/foolishly. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • PAGF. 255 I Practice 109 Adjective or adverb? (2) 1 Friendly, likely, etc. The ending -ly is the normal adverb ending (see Unit 108). But a few adjectives also end in -ly. Melanic was very friendly. It was a lively party. We had a lovely time. Some more examples are: elderly, likely, lonely, silly, ugly The words are adjectives, not adverbs (not£ke-9ptikeie tts friendly). And we cannot add -ly. There is no such word as f&emlUly. But we can say in a friendly way/manner. She spoke to ns in a friendly way. If we need to use an adverb, we often choose another word of similar meaning. It was lovely. Everything went beautifully. 2 Hard, fast, etc. Compare these sentences. adjective We did some hard work. I came on the fast train. ADVERB We worked hard. The train went quite fast. We can use these words both as adjectives and as adverbs: deep, early, fast, hard, high, late, long, low, near, right, straight, wrong (For hardly, nearly, etc, see 3.) In informal English, the adjectives cheap, loud, quick and slow can be adverbs. adjective adverb They sell cheap clothes in the market. They sell things cheap/cheaply there. Back already! That was quick. Come as quick/quickly as you can. 3 Hard, hardly, near, nearly, etc. There are some pairs of adverbs like hard and hardly which have different meanings. Here are some examples. / tried hard, but I didn't succeed. I've got hardly any money left. (hardly any = very little, almost none) luckily I found a phone box quite near. I nearly fell asleep in the meeting, (nearly - almost) Rachel arrived late, as usual. I've been very busy lately. (lately - in the last few days/weeks) The plane flew high above the clouds. The material is highly radioactive. (highly — very) We got into the concert free, (free = without paying) The animals are allowed to wander freely, (freely = uncontrolled) 4 Good and well Good is an adjective, and well is its adverb. The opposites are bad and badly. ad1ective Natasha is a good violinist. Our test results were good. I had a bad night. adverb She plays the violin very well. We all did well in the test. I slept badly last night. Well can also be an adjective meaning 'in good health', the opposite of ill. My mother was very ill, but she's quite well again now. How are you? ~ Very well, thank you. A Friendly, hard, hardly, etc. (1-3) Decide if each underlined word is an adjective or an adverb. ► That new building is rather ugly. Adjective ► I'd like to arrive early if I can. adverb 1 I haven't seen you for a long time. 2 Why are you wearing that silly hat? 3 Very young children travel free. 4 The temperature is quite high today. 5 We nearly missed the bus this morning. 6 Do you have to play that music so loud? B Friendly, hard, hardly, etc. (1-3) Complete the conversation. Decide if you need -ly with the words in brackets. How did you get on with Henry today? Mark: Sarah: Oh, we had a nice lunch and some (►) lively (live) conversation. Henry was charming, as Mark: Sarah: Mark: (hard) worth (near) killed us. usual. He gave me a lift back to the office, but it was (1) risking our lives to save a few minutes. He (2). What do you mean? Well, we'd sat a bit too (3).......(long) over our meal, and we were (4) .....(late) getting back to work. Henry drove very (5) .. I tried (6)...... (hard) to keep calm, but I was quite scared. We went (7) ■■■■ (wrong) and missed a left turn, and Henry got annoyed. Then a van came round the corner, and it was coming (8) . . (straight) at us. I don't know how we missed it. Well, I'm glad you did. And next time you'd better take a taxi. (fast). C Good and well (4) Complete the conversation. Put in good, well (x2), bad, badly and ill. Rachel: How did you and Daniel get on in your tennis match? Matthew: We lost. I'm afraid we didn't play very (►) yell Daniel made some (1) mistakes. It wasn't a very (2) , . day for us. We played really (3)....... Andrew: I heard Daniel's in bed at the moment because he isn't very (4) Matthew: Yes, I'm afraid he's been (5)...... for several days, but he's better now. D Friendly, hard, hardly, etc. (1-4) Complete the conversation. Choose the correct form. Daniel: Is it true you saw a ghost last night? Yes, I did. I went to bed (►) Late/jatej£, and I was sleeping (1) bad/ba_djy. I suddenly woke up in the middle of the night. I went to the window and saw the ghost walking across the lawn. Was it a man or a woman? A woman in a white dress. I had a (2) c^gd/well view from the window, but she walked very (3) fajt/fastly. She wasn't there very (4) long/longlv. I'd (5) hard/hardly caught sight of her before she'd gone. I (6) neajVnearly missed her. You don't think you've been working too (7) hard/hardly? You've been looking a bit pale (8) late/lately. I saw her, I tell you. It isn't very (9) like/likelv that ghosts actually exist, you know. I expect you were imagining it. Vicky: Daniel: Vicky: Daniel: Vicky: Daniel: page 256 • ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • PAGE 257 1 someone 2 anyone 3 somewhere his it 4 anywhere 5 anything 6 something 3 likes, they 4 has, their I once met someone famous. Someone's car is blocking me in. I've got something else/something different to tell you. We know everyone's opinions/opinion. Everyone else except you is going. Nothing exciting ever happens here. Unit 104 A 1 modern chairs 2 a black cat 3 solar power 4 classical music 5 an old car 6 a tall building B pleasant, ideal, quiet, short, popular, lovely, friendly, helpful, good, marvellous, excellent, local C 1 The world is asleep 2 My chief desire 3 My heart is content 4 The main thing to remember 5 The night is alive 6 Inner secrets 7 The only girl for me Unit 105 A 1 a small white car 2 an attractive old building 3 an expensive wooden garden seat 4 a famous Italian opera singer B 1 a lovely old glass vase 2 an attractive wall mirror 3 a modern office desk 4 red metal kitchen chairs 5 a splendid old model boat 6 valuable Australian postage stamps 7 a small wooden coffee table C 1 This is a powerful Japanese business computer. 2 This is an excellent small electric fire. 3 This is a big new chocolate bar. 4 This is a terrific American television comedy. 5 These are stylish aluminium garage doors. 6 These are wonderful modern sports shoes. 7 This is a very good German mobile phone. Unit 106 A 1 the hungry 4 the unemployed 2 the homeless 5 the old 3 the sick We live near a special school for the deaf. The old soldiers were holding a service for the dead. The government should do more for the poor. I'm doing a course on caring for the mentally handicapped. 5 the old people 6 The homeless 7 the deaf C 1 The sick the young people the unemployed the poor Unit 107 A 1 exhausted 2 interested 1 surprised 2 disappointing 3 puzzled 1 relaxing 2 annoyed 3 amused 4 interested fascinating exciting confusing bored interesting fascinating thrilling exhausting Unit A 108 6 safely 7 fluently 8 carefully 9 quietly 1 brightly 2 patiently 3 immediately 4 punctually 5 secretly 1 angrily 5 enthusiastically 2 happily 6 reasonably 3 automatically 7 securely 4 publicly 1 United won the game easily. 2 I've/1 have checked the figures carefully. 3 Your dog barked at me very fiercely. 4 It's/It is raining quite heavily (here). 1 dark 2 terribly 3 badly 4 suddenly 5 quietly 6 unhappy 7 sadly 8 curious 9 foolishly Unit 109 A ] adjective 1 adjective 2 adjective 5 adverb 3 adverb 6 adverb B I hardly 5 fast 2 nearly 6 hard 3 long 7 wrong 4 late s straight C 1 bad 4 well 2 good 5 ill 3 badly D 1 badly 6 nearly 2 good 7 hard 3 fast 8 lately 4 long 9 likely 5 hardly Unit 110 A 1 are more interesting 2 is higher 3 is more beautiful B I richest 2 most modern 3 greatest 4 most exciting Unit 112 C 1 happier faster more helpful lovelier 1 more smartly 2 longer 3 more often 1 worst 2 better 3 worse 1 least 2 less 3 more 4 Most 1 happier 2 smallest 3 best 4 shorter 5 most important 6 older 5 most popular 6 most successful 7 most attractive 8 happiest 5 bigger 6 more restful 7 more modern 4 more carefully 5 earlier 6 louder/more loudly 4 best 5 furthest 7 more exciting 8 most 9 wetter 10 lower 11 worse Unit 1 A 1 1 The church is older than the library. 2 Matthew is stronger than Daniel. 3 Harriet is taller than Mike. 4 Claire is more popular than Andrew. 5 Mark's car is bigger than Sarah's. 1 Friday is the busiest day 2 The Metropole is the nicest hotel in (the) town. 3 This watch is one of the cheapest (watches) you can buy. 4 This Beatles album is the best (one) they ever made. 5 Alan is the most successful salesman in the company. 1 Plastic isn't as strong as metal. 2 The stool isn't as comfortable as the armchair. 3 Swimming isn't as exciting as surfing. 4 The post isn't as quick as e-mail. 1 me 2 I am 3 me 4 he has 1 less painful 2 less busy 3 less convenient 4 less attractive 5 less seriously 6 less optimistic 1 Yesterday was a lot colder than today. 2 My coat is a bit longer than is fashionable. 3 I left work slightly earlier than usual this afternoon. 4 The shop is much more expensive than the supermarket. 5 Is the new machine any more reliable than the old one? 1 more and more difficult 2 more and more complicated 3 more and more 4 longer and longer 5 worse and worse 1 the quieter the roads (are). 2 the wider the choice (is). 3 the more confused I get. 4 the more fluently you can speak. 5 the more crowded the beaches get. Unit A 13 1 outside 2 Perhaps 3 always 1 mid 2 end 3 front 4 mid 4 Obviously 5 silently 6 hard 5 mid 6 mid 7 end 8 front mid mid 1 clearly crossed 2 will probably rain 3 didn't fully understand 4 are usually 5 occasionally visited it/visited it occasionally 6 were soon working 7 has obviously forgotten 1 It usually rains when David is on holiday. 2 Rita's friend visits her most weekends. 3 Mark gets a pay rise every year. 4 Rachel never checks her work. 1 I've always known your secret. 2 We certainly can't afford a new car. or Certainly we can't afford a new car. 3 The tourists didn't walk far. 4 Tom cut the paper carefully./Tom carefully cut the paper. 5 Natasha can also play the violin. or Natasha can play the violin also. 6 1 read the newspaper most days./Most days I read the newspaper. PACE 402 • KEY TO THE EXERCISES KEY TO THE EXERCISES • PAGE 403