Explanations Verbs with one particle: transitive and separable These phrasal verbs take an object. This object can come after the particle or between the verb and the particle (so the verbs are separable). We brought up this child. We brought her up. In general, as in the examples above, object phrases tend to be put after the particle while pronouns are often put between the verb and the particle. Two exceptions in the list below are call back and show around where the object is always put between the verb and the particle. Verbs marked with an asterisk * have a second meaning. With this meaning they have an intransitive form. Bring up We brought up this child. Carry out You haven't carried out my instructions. Call off We have decided to call off the match. Clear up* Could you clear up your room please? The weather is clearing up*. Fill in* Can you fill in this form please? Our teacher was ill, so Mrs Frost filled in*. Find out J want to find out what happened. Give away The millionaire gave all his money away. fill asked me not to give her secret away. Give up* I've decided to give up eating meat. Jorge finally gave up teaching me Portuguese*. Hold up Two masked men held up the bank. Knock out The blow on the head knocked me out. Leave out / always leave out the difficult exercises. Look up* / have to look this word up in my dictionary. Things are looking up*. (look after until adult) (act upon) (cancel) (make tidy) (improve) (complete by writing) (take someone's place) (learn about, discover) (make a gift of) (make something known) (stop doing something) (stop trying to do something) (rob) (make unconscious) (not include) (find information) (appear better) 157 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Verbs with one particle: intransitive Make up* I think you made this story up. The couple quarrelled but then made up*. Pick up I'll pick you up at six. Put aside Harry puts money aside every week for his holiday, (save) Put off They put the meeting off until Thursday. The smell offish put me off my tea. (invent) (become friends again) (collect) (postpone) (make someone not want to do something) Put up If you come to Florence I can put you up. Show around Let me show you around the new building. Take over* A German company took us over last year. If you are tired, I'll take over*. Take up I've decided to take up tennis. Tear up Wendy tore up Alan's letters. Think over Please think over our offer. Try out Have you tried out the new computer? Turn down Paul was offered the job but he turned it down, (refuse an offer) Wear out All this work has worn me out. (make tired) Work out This is a difficult problem. I can't work it out. (find a solution) These phrasal verbs have no object. Verbs marked with an asterisk * have a second meaning. With this meaning they have a transitive form. There are other meanings not included here. (provide accommodation) (give a guided tour) (buy a company) (take someone's place) (start a hobby) (tear into pieces) (consider) (use for the first time) Break down The car broke down on the motorway. Break out The war broke out unexpectedly. Come out Her new book came out last week. (stop working) (begin suddenly) (be published) 158 GRAMMAR 27 PHRASAL VERBS 2 Draw up* Suddenly an ambulance drew up outside. My lawyer is drawing up a contract for us*. Fall out Charles and Emily have fallen out again. Get away The bank robbers got away in a stolen van. Give in She pleaded with me, and I finally gave in. Go off Everyone panicked when the bomb went off. Look out Look out! There's a car coming! Set in / think the rain has set in for the day. Show off You always show off at parties. Take off Your plane takes off at 6.00. Turn up* Guess who turned up at our party? Can you turn up the sound*? Wear off When the drug wears off you may feel pain. (come to a stop) (write a legal document) (quarrel) (escape) (stop fighting against) (explode) (beware) (to arrive and stay) (behave to attract attention) (leave the ground) (arrive, often unexpectedly) (increase) (become less strong or disappear) 159 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE Practice Rewrite each sentence using a verb from the box so that the meaning stays the same. You may have to change the form. call off draw up give in look up put aside put up turndown turn up wear off workout a) Jack always arrives late for work. jfagfe,alyJays. fotnu hjp bttc for_y/qrfc.............................................. b) See if their number is in the phone directory. c) I'm saving up to buy a new bike. d) After a few days the pain in Dave's leg went away. e) I'm afraid the match has been cancelled. f) The government refused to yield to the demands of the terrorists. g) We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer. h) You can stay with us if you come to Cambridge. i) I can't calculate how much the whole trip will cost. j) A large silver limousine stopped outside the house. GRAMMAR 27 PHRASAL VERBS 2 Put one word in each space. a) Why don't you let me show you.....^.H!^.....London? b) Jane is coming to pick us.....................after work. c) Have you found.....................what time the train leaves? d) We had to wait for an hour before the plane took...................... e) Harry was brought.....................by his grandparents. f) A shelf fell on my head and knocked me...................... g) I was so angry when I saw the parking ticket that I tore it...................... h) A fire has broken.....................in an office block in central London. i) Julian always talks loudly and shows...................... j) If you don't like this part you can leave it...................... Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. a) I think it's going to rain all day. in I think the ...........................WM.}MSJ<&J&$X............................the day. b) I don't know what to write on this form, in I don't know ......................................................................................this form. c) I started doing this job when Janet left, over I ................................................................................................when Janet left. d) This story of yours isn't true! up You ...........................................................................................................story! e) We believe that it was you who robbed the post office, up We believe that .........................................................................the post office. f) Tina's car stopped working on the way to Scotland, down Tina's car.....................................................................on the way to Scotland. g) It would be a good idea to stop drinking coffee, up It would be a good idea ..........................................................................coffee. h) Ruth's party has been postponed until next month, off Ruth's party...................................................................................next month. 161 FIRST CERTIFICATE LANGUAGE PRACTICE 4 Put one suitable word in each space. a) In the army, all orders have to be ...£$XXi?&..... out! b) Why don't you......................up golf? It's a good pastime. c) If I won a lot of money, I would......................some of it away. d) Let's......................out the new food processor. e) This room is a mess. Why don't you......................it up? f) Joe is very quarrelsome, he......................out with everyone. g) Where were you exactly when the bomb......................off? h) Can you......................in for me while I go to the bank? 5 Complete each sentence with the most suitable word or phrase. a) Brian.........Q..........at our dinner party wearing a pink bow tie. A) wore out B) showed off C) turned up D) tried out b) You don't have to decide now, you can........................ A) put it aside B) call it off C) tear it up D) think it over c) Pat was caught by the police, but Martin........................ A) gave in B) gave up C) got away D) held up d) After the quarrel, we kissed and........................ A) cleared up B) looked up C) made up D) put up e) Why exactly did war......................between the two countries? A) break out B) set in C) go off D) call off f) After a long day at work most people feel........................ A) broken down B) worn out C) knocked out D) turned down g) I've just been offered a new job! Things are........................ A) turning up B) clearing up C) making up D) looking up h) In the end I......................the form in disgust, and threw it away. A) filled in B) worked out C) tore up D) put off 6 Replace the words in italics with a suitable phrasal verb. a) I think that you invented this story. b) When do you think your book will be published?...................... c) I think that the weather is improving....................... d) I can't find an answer to this problem....................... e) Be careful! You're going to fall!...................... f) I'm afraid William tends to stop trying....................... g) The plane is going to leave the ground....................... h) I think that Sue and Neil have quarrelled....................... 162 GRAMMAR 27 PHRASAL VERBS 2 Choose the best meaning for the words in italics. Note that some of the phrasal verbs have a different meaning to the one given in the Explanations section. a) At half past six, the alarm clock went off...........P........... A) exploded B) rang C) disappeared b) Jim is very good at taking off his teacher....................... A) flying with his teacher B) getting rid of his teacher C) imitating his teacher c) Please don't bring up that subject again! ...................... A) start shouting about it B) mention it C) talk about it for hours on end d) There is one small matter I would like to clear up....................... A) find an explanation for B) make clean and tidy C) get rid of once and for all e) Jean is really good at picking up languages....................... A) choosing languages B) learning languages by being in a country C) learning languages by heart f) All my old clothes need taking up....................... A) taking to the cleaners B) to be replaced C) to be made shorter g) The whole cost of the equipment works out at £450....................... A) comes to B) can be reduced to C) will involve an extra h) Jackie broke down and everyone felt sorry for her....................... A) injured herself B) caused an accident C) started crying Check any new phrasal verb in a dictionary, to see how it is used. Remember that many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. Phrasal verbs are common in spoken and informal written language. Grammar 30: Consolidation 6 163