is done was done (passive 1) Exercises Unit 21 21.1 The office is cleaned every day. The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive: Somebody cleans the office every day. (active) The office is cleaned every day. (passive) Somebody cleaned the office yesterday, (active) __I The office was cleaned yesterday. The passive is: present simple past simple (passive) past participle am/is/are was/were (not) + cleaned invented injured done built taken etc. The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/damaged etc.). For a list of irregular past participles (done/built/taken etc.), see Appendix 2-3. □ Butter is made from milk. □ Oranges are imported into Britain. □ How often are these rooms cleaned? □ I am never invited to parties. □ This house was built 100 years ago. □ These houses were built 100 years ago. □ When was the telephone invented? □ We weren't invited to the party last week. □ 'Was anybody injured in the accident?' 'Yes, two people were taken to hospital.' was/were born □ I was born in Berlin in 1989. {not I am born) □ 'Where were you born?' 'In Cairo.' passive + by ... . . □ The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Bell invented it) □ I was bitten by a dog a few days ago. □ Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine. is being done / has been done - Unit 22 irregular verbs Unit 24, Appendix 2-3 by Unit 111 active and passive —■ Appendix 1 Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions. Sentences 1-7 are present. ' 1 (the office / clean / every day) 2 (these rooms / clean / every day?) 3 (glass / make / from sand) 4 (stamps / sell / in a post office) 5 (this room / not / use / very often) 6 (we / allow / to park here?) 7 (how / this word / pronounce?) Sentences 8-15 are past. 8 (the office / clean / yesterday) 9 (the house / paint / last month) 10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago) 11 (three people / injure / in the accident) 12 (when / this bridge / build?) 13 (I / not / wake up / by the noise) 14 (how / these windows / break?) 15 (you / invite / to Jon's party last week?) The office is ck.za.nzd, .even) day Are these rooms ...dewed,...every Glass.................................................................................... Trie office was clewed yesterday.. The house............................................................................. 21.2 These sentences are not correct. Correct them. 1 TJusJious^bjult 100 years ago. 2 Football plays in most countries of the world. 3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? 4 A garage is a place where cars repair. 5 Where are you born? 6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? 7 Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen. 8 When was invented the bicycle? This House was built 21.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: clean damage find give invite make make show steal take 1 The room.........!* jCiSJOTttA...... every day. 2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people.......were taken...... r.0 hospital. 3 Paper.......................................................................from wood. 4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms....................................................................... 5 'Where did you get this picture?' 'It........................................................................to me by a friend of mine.' 6 Many American programmes.......................................................................on British television. 7 'Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They........................................................., but they didn't go.' 8 'How old is this film?' 'It........................................................................in 1965.' 9 My car........................................................................last week, but the next day it.................................................................. ... by the police. 21.4 Where were they born? 1 (Ian / Edinburgh) .......lilLMSS. bom.M Edinburgh..............................................................................._........................... 2 (Sally / Manchester) Sally..........................................................................................................-.......................................................................... 3 (her parents / Ireland) Her...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 (you / ???) I......................................................................................................................................-......................................................... 5 (your mother / ???)................................................................................................................................................................................................... is being done has been done (passive 2) is/are being ... (present continuous passive) 54 = Somebody is painting the door . (active) __i l The door is being painted. (passive) □ My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it) □ Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building them) Compare the present continuous and present simple: □ The office is being cleaned at the moment, (continuous) The office is cleaned every day. (simple) a In Britain football matches are often played at the weekend, but no matches are being played next weekend. For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 25. has/have been ... (present perfect passive) before now □ tL _□ Somebody has painted the door . (active) _l Z3 WET PAINT The door has been painted. (passive) a My key has been stolen. (- somebody has stolen it) □ My keys have been stolen. (= somebody has stolen them) □ I'm not going to the party. I haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me) □ Has this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?) Compare the present perfect and past simple: □ The room isn't dirty any more. It has been cleaned, (present perfect) The room was cleaned yesterday, (past simple) D I can't find my keys. I think they've been stolen, (present perfect) My keys were stolen last week, (past simple) For the present perfect and past simple, see Unit 20. is done / was done -» Unit 21 active and passive — Appendix 1 Exercises 22.1 What's happening? Unit 22 22.2 1 The car.......l^Mtg .«^e*k................................_____......... 3 The windows 2 A bridge ...........................................................................................____...... 4 The grass......... Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/are being ...) or the present perfect (has/have been ...). 3 4 5 6 1 (the office / clean) .......TVie office is being cie^ed................................................................................................................. 2 (the shirts / iron) f......THe skirts ]BMUSSBU^Si»................................................................. (the window / break) The window......................................................._................................................................___..................................... (the roof / repair) The roof..........._..........._..............................................................________...................................................................................._ (the car / damage) ..............................................._____................................................................_............................................................. (the houses / knock / down) ......................_........................................................................._................................................................................ 7 (the trees / cut / down) ..................................._.........____............................................................................................................................... 8 (they / invite / to a party) ........................................_._............................................................................................................................................. 22.3 Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 21 before you do this exercise.) 1 I can't use my office at the moment. It......._being painted,........ (paint). 2 We didn't go to the party. We........weren't .invited,......(not/invite). 3 The washing machine was broken, but it's OK now. It............................................._..................................... (repair). 4 The washing machine...........................................................................................(repair) yesterday afternoon. 5 A factory is a place where things..................................................__......................................(make). 6 How old are these houses? When...........................................................................................(they/build)? 7 A: ...............................................................................................................................(the computer / use) at the moment? B: Yes, Steve is using it. 8 I've never seen these flowers before. What...................................._.....................................................(they/call)? 9 My sunglasses .......................................................................................... (steal) at the beach yesterday. 10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It..........................................................................................(damage) last week and it............................................................................................................................... (not/repair) yet. Additional exercises 24-27 (pages 263-64) and passive 1.1 Present and past active passive present simple □ We make butter from milk. □ Somebody cleans these rooms every day □ People never invite me to parties. □ How do they make butter? □ Butter is made from milk. □ These rooms are cleaned every day. □ I am never invited to parties. □ How is butter made? past simple □ Somebody stole my car last week. □ Somebody stole my keys yesterday □ They didn't invite me to the party. □ When did they build these houses? □ My car was stolen last week. □ My keys were stolen yesterday. □ I wasn't invited to the party. □ When were these houses built? present continuous □ They are building a new airport at the moment. (= it isn't finished) □ They are building some new houses near the river. □ A new airport is being built at the ' moment. □ Some new houses are being built near the river. past continuous □ When I was here a few years ago, they were building a new airport. (= it wasn't finished at that time) □ When I was here a few years ago, a new airport was being built. present perfect □ Look! They^have painted the door. □ These shirts are clean. Somebody has washed them. □ Somebody has stolen my car. □ Look! The door has been painted. □ These shirts are clean. They have been washed. □ My car has been stolen. past perfect □ Tina said that somebody had stolen her car. □ Tina said that her car had been stolen. 1.2 will / can / must / have to etc. active passive □ Somebody will clean the office tomorrow. □ The office will be cleaned tomorrow. □ Somebody must clean the office. □ The office must be cleaned. □ I think they'll invite you to the party. □ I think you'll be invited to the party. □ They can't repair my watch. □ My watch can't be repaired. □ You should wash this sweater by hand. □ This sweater should be washed by hand. □ They are going to build a new airport. □ A new airport is going to be built. □ Somebody has to wash these clothes. □ These clothes have to be washed. □ They had to take the injured man to □ The injured man had to be taken to hospital. hospital. Key to Exercises 20.2 3 I finished 4 OK 5 did you finish 6 OK 7 (Steve's grandmother) died 8 Where were you / Where did you go 20.3 3 played 4 did you go 5 Have you ever met 6 wasn't 7 's/has visited 8 switched 9 lived 10 haven't been 20.4 1 Did you have was 2 Have you seen went haven't seen 3 has worked / has been working was worked didn't enjoy 4 Ve/have seen Ve/have never spoken Have you ever spoken met , UNIT 21 21.1 3 Glass is made from sand. 4 Stamps are sold in a post office. 5 This room isn't used very often. 6 Are we allowed to park here? 7 How is this word pronounced? 9 The house was painted last month. 10 My phone was stolen a few days ago, 11 Three people were injured in the accident. 12 When was this bridge built? 13 I wasn't woken up by the noise. 14 How were these windows broken? 15 Were you invited to Jon s party last week? 21.2 2 Football is played in most 3 Why was the letter sent to ... ? 4 ... where cars are repaired. 5 Where were you born? 6 How many languages are spoken ... ? 7 ... but nothing was stolen. 8 When was the bicycle invented? 21.3 3 is made 4 were damaged 5 was given 6 are shown 7 were invited 8 was made 9 was stolen ... was found 21.4 2 Sally was born in Manchester. 3 Her parents were born in Ireland. 4 I was born in ... 5 My mother was born in UNIT 22 22.1 2 A bridge is being built. 3 The windows are being cleaned. 4 The grass is being cut. 22.2 3 The window has been broken. 4 The roof is being repaired. 5 The car has been damaged. 6 The houses are being knocked down. 7 The trees have been cut down. 8 They have been invited to a party. 22.3 3 has been repaired 4 was repaired 5 are made 6 were they built 7 Is the computer being used (or Is anybody using the computer) 8 are they called 9 were stolen 10 *was damaged ... hasn't been repaired UNIT 23 23.1 3 are 7 do 4 Does 8 Is 5 Do 9 does 6 Is 10 Are 23.2 2 don't 3 Warn not 4 isn't 5 don't 6 doesn't 7 Warn not 8 aren't / 're not 23.3 2 Did 7 were 3 were 8 Has 4 was 9 did 5 Has 10 have 6 did 23.4 2 was 6 've/have 3 Have 7 is 4 are 8 was 5 were 9 has 23.5 3 eaten 8 understand 4 enjoyin g 9 listening 5 damaged 10 pronounced 6 use 11 open 7 gone UNIT 24 24.1 3 got 10 happened 4 broughl 11 heard 5 paid 12 put 6 enjoyec 13 caught 7 bought 14 watched 8 sat 15 understood 9 left 24.2 2 began begun 3 ate eaten 4 drank drunk 5 drove driven 6 spoke spoken 7 wrote written 8 came come 9 knew known 10 took taken