DOES HONESTY ALWAYS PAY? SPEAKING Talking on your own Work in pairs as Student A and B. Try to speak for about one minute. Student A: Describe and compare the situations in both pictures. Say what you think each person might be going to say. Student B: Describe and compare the gestures the people are making in both pictures. Say how the people might be feeling and why they might be making these gestures. READING A Read this article quickly, ignoring the missing paragraphs. Then read paragraphs A-E and choose the one that fits each gap in the text (1-3). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need. An example is given (0). All American schoolchildren learn that George Washington, the first President of the United States, once said, 'I cannot tell a lie.' But what is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? 0 £ Professor Jerald Jellison, of the University of California, has made a scientific study of lying. According to his research, women are better liars than men. They are especially good at telling 'white lies', such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress, even though she really thinks it is awful. Some psychologists believe that certain gestures give liars away. For example, they may make sudden, unconscious movements if they are sitting down when they tell a lie. This suggests that they are thinking, 'I wish I weren't here.' In Miami, Florida, a man was recently found guilty of murdering his wife. He had accused her of having an affair with another man. When denying this, she had rubbed her nose several times. He believed this was proof that she was lying. This is just one small example of how gestures can deceive people, often with tragic consequences. a Her doctor later testified that he had seen her the day before she was killed. She had come to him because she was suffering from a rare skin condition. This caused a strange, itching sensation, especially in her nose. B When he was very young, he chopped down his father's favourite cherry tree. When his father asked him if he had done it, he confessed immediately. C However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they do not intend to keep. This is the kind of lie politicians and some businessmen are supposed to be good at; the kind of lie they can profit from in some way. D They may also touch their lips or rub their noses, as if to say 'If only I could stop myself from lying.' Perhaps these gestures are caused by the mental stress involved in telling a lie. However, we should remember that they can tragically mislead us in other ways. E For example, suppose a friend asks you to lend him some money. You refuse because he often forgets to re-pay his debts. However, rather than hurt his feelings, you say, 'Sorry, I'm short of money myself.' Is this really a lie? Discuss these questions Explain the meaning of the term 'a white lie'. Describe the kind of lie men are probably better at than women. What are some of the things liars do which may show that they are lying? Explain why it can be dangerous to believe these gestures are always proof that someone is lying. What does the case of the man who killed his wife in Miami have to do with the rest of the text? There is a connection between the rest of the text and the paragraph you do not need. What is this connection? SPEAKING_ In pairs or groups, discuss what you would do and say in the following situation. A friend tries to borrow money from you. You are not short of money. However, you lent this friend a large sum last year. Your friend bas not repaid the debt and seems to have forgotten all about it. You have never mentioned this to your friend because you don't want to hurt your friend's feelings. LANGUAGE STUDY I wish and If only > GS 14.1 A Which of these sentences (a or b) expresses most clearly that the speaker is sorry about something or regrets it? 1 a I don't want to be here, b I wish I weren't here. 2 a I want to have more money, b If only I had more money. 3 a I hope I can come to your party. b I wish I could come to your party. 4 a I want to be in London now. b If only I were in London now. B Rewrite the second sentence in each pair. Use no more than five words including the word in bold. Do NOT change this word. 1 I'm sorry I can't speak English perfectly. wish I_English perfectly 2 I'm sorry I can't do this exercise. only If_this exercise. 3 I'm sorry I'm not rich. only If_rich. 4 Are you ever sorry that you aren't rich? wish Do you ever_rich? I'm sorry I can't answer that question. wish I_that question. It's a pity the weather isn't better today. only If_better today. I'm sorry you don't love me. only If_me. 8 It's a pity you can't understand how I feel about you. wish I_how I feel about you. VOCABULARY In groups or pairs, discuss which word you need to complete each of these sentences. borrow lend pay earn gain win lose me a few dollars? _ more money from . it in a card game. 1 I wonder if you could_ 2 You mean you want to_ me? 3 If I give it to you, you'll_ 4 I never play cards any more. I know I can't__ 5 I want a job so that I can_some money. 6 Then I promise I'll_you all the money I owe you. 7 What do you hope to_by telling such lies? 42 - UNIT 6 FOCUS ONE FOCUS ONE UNIT 6 • 43 READING A You and a friend want to choose a film to watch on TV this evening. Read the two reviews and decide together which film you would prefer and why. SPEAKING The Sting (9-10.30 pm, C4) Brilliant! A classic - recently voted one of the ten best films in the last fifty years. The story takes place in Chicago in the 1930s. Two small-time crooks (Paul Newman and Robert Redford) get together in order to cheat a powerful New York gangster (Robert Shaw) out of a huge sum of money. They want revenge on him for the murder of one of Redford's friends. It is sometimes difficult to work out who is cheating who. However, in the end Newman and Redford bring their plan off. Watch it and you'll never be bored. Ring of Deception (10.15 to midnight, C 3) A depressing story about Steve, an insurance salesman (played by Kevin Hart) who falls for Jenny (Amanda Crown). At first she is not at all interested in him, but he takes her in with a story he makes up about being a rich playboy. He asks her to marry him and she almost says 'yes'. However, she finally turns him down when she finds out the diamond ring he gives her, like everything else he has told her, is a fake. The plot soon runs out of what little interest there is in the beginning. If you can't sleep at night, go on watching this for a few minutes and you'll soon drop off. B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 44 In pairs or groups, read aloud all the phrasal verbs you can find in the texts. Then match these phrasal verbs with the meanings below. do something successfully even though it is difficult use up, no longer have something be deeply attracted to get something from people dishonestly meet discover, learn continue make someone believe something that is not true calculate or understand invent refuse, say no to an offer or request fall asleep C Work in pairs. One of you completes the questions below and asks them. The other answers each completed question. 1 Where ... 'The Sting' take ... ? 2 Why ... Redford and Newman ... together? 3 Why ... they want revenge ... the New York gangster? 4 ... they ... their plan off? 5 What... the second film about? 6 Why ... Steve make ... a story about being a rich playboy? 7 ... he manage to ... her in? 8 What... happen if you ... on watching this for very long? UNIT 6 FOCUS TWO Finding out about each other Ask your partners: • how often they go to the cinema. • when they last saw a good film. . where they saw it. • where the story took place. • why they enjoyed it. • who they were with when they saw the film. • what kinds of film they don't like. WRITING Write 120 words about a film you have seen. Use the sentences below and go on to briefly describe what happens in the film. Then give your opinion of it. Was it brilliant? Boring? Exciting? Frightening? Depressing? The film is called... It stars... It takes place in... The film is about... VOCABULARY Which word or phrase in each group doesn't belong with the other three? Explain why. Example: film game music programme > Music - because you can't watch it. 1 salesman crook criminal thief 2 borrow steal rob cheat 3 fake false genuine imitation 4 brilliant depressing wonderful entertaining 5 event plot story plan 6 betray deceive take in take over 7 fill up run out of get through finish 8 bring off succeed achieve fail LANGUAGE STUDY > GS 1.2 A Explain the difference in meaning in these pairs of sentences. 1 I don't think you're very interested. I don't think you are very interesting. 2 The problem with you is that you're bored. The problem with you is that you're boring. 3 You aren't very amusing. You aren't very amused. Repeat the sentences that people do not like to hear about themselves. Then describe a situation or situations in which you might say the other sentences. Example: I don't think you're very interested. >■ Perhaps I would say this if J told someone a story and I could see that he or she wasn't listening. B Read this text and the words in capital letters below it. Change the form of the word so that it fits the numbered space. An example is given (0). I saw a film last week that was not very (0) iniefesiina it was a comedy but it was not very (1)_. But perhaps the real problem was not that the film was bad but that I was (2)_. The weather was very (3)_that day too. To add to my problems, I was (4)_because I had just . news. I had been _job that had some very (5)_ hoping to get a very (6)_ someone else got instead. In fact, I was very (7)_I didn't get it because I was (8)_that I had all the right qualifications. However, (9)_things like this happen all the time, don't they? So why was I (10)_? 0 INTEREST AMUSE DEPRESS DEPRESS DISAPPOINT SURPRISE 6 7 8 9 10 INTEREST SHOCK CONVINCE DISAPPOINT SURPRISE In groups or pairs, say one or two sentences about each of the following things. Some news that you would find surprising. What you do when you are bored. Something which you have found boring. FOCUS TWO UNIT 6 45 USE OF ENGLISH LISTENING S A Read the text below. Think of the best word to fill each space. Use only one word each time. An example is given (0). THE LIEBUSTER THE MODERN ELECTRONIC MIRACLE! At last,thanks to modern technology, (0) there is a way to find out if people (1)_telling the truth:The Liebuster. Don't be taken in (2)_the fact that it looks like an ordinary watch. It's far more (3)_that. In addition (4)_telling the time, it buzzes when it detects a lie. This miracle of modern technology is one of the smallest and (5)_accurate lie-detectors ever made. By means of high-tech microchips, it measures the stress (6)_people's voices. Nobody will ever get (7)_with lying if you use it (8)_ negotiations. Take it with you (9)_ important business . all those special 'romantic' occasions, and it will warn you if your wife, husband, girlfriend or boyfriend is lying when you ask questions (10)_as 'Do you really love me?' or 'What did you (11) when I was away on business?'The bigger the lie,(12)_ louder the buzz. Nobody can do (13)_ now,(14)_stocks last, and buy your personal one .So hurry LIEBUSTER (15)_ . an amazingly low price. Here are ten of the words. Did yon include them? at away by during in than to while without on B In pairs or groups, think of the exact questions the following people with Liebusters would ask other people to find out if they were lying. Example: Customs Officers at airports >• Have you anything to declare! Is this all your luggage} 1 detectives or police officers 2 jealous husbands or wives 3 interviewers 4 interviewees 5 shoppers in open-air markets A A man and a woman are talking. Listen and decide which of the statements below are true and which are false. 1 The man has never been late before. 2 He phoned the woman earlier to tell her he would be late. 3 Dinner is ready when he arrives. 4 The woman often has to go away on business at the weekend. 5 The man says he saw some friends last weekend. 6 The woman believes him. 7 The woman has a special way of finding out if the man is telling the truth. 8 The only person who tells a lie in this conversation is the man. B In pairs or groups, discuss these questions. Then compare your answers with other pairs or groups. 1 What do you think is the relationship between the man and the woman? Are they married? Business colleagues? Or something else? 2 Who do you think Caria is? 3 What is the disadvantage of the technology the woman uses in order to find out if the man is lying? C Now listen to five different people talking (1-5). Choose from the list A-F which speaker is talking. There is one extra letter which you do not need. The first answer has been given for you. SPEAKING LANGUAGE STUDY SPEAKER ONE \D SPEAKERTWO SPEAKERTHREE SPEAKER FOUR SPEAKER FIVE A Someone who has decided not to sell Liebusters. B Someone who has a Liebuster and is very satisfied. C Someone who would never buy one. D Someone who may buy one or who may not. E Someone who had a Liebuster but no longer has it. F Someone who thinks it might make an excellent gift for someone else. A Read the description of one of the objects shown below. Then say which object you think is being described. The purpose of this is to tell you the time. It also makes a very loud noise in the morning when you want to wake up. Its main advantage is that it is very cheap and very simple to operate. All you have to do is wind it up. You don't need batteries or any other form of electricity However, it doesn't always tell the time very accurately. B Now work in pairs. One of you describes one of the objects above. Do NOT say which object you ate describing. See if your partners can guess which object you are talking about. Be sure to do these things: • Describe the purpose of the object. • Explain what else you need in order to use it. • Give at least one advantage of using the object. • If you can, describe a possible disadvantage. C Decide together which are the two most useful objects, giving your reasons why. I wish you would I wouldn't do it I wish you had/hadn't done it > GS 14.1 A Which two examples below could mean 'Please do or don't do this in the future'? Explain what the other two examples mean. 1 I wish you would phone me. 2 I wish you had phoned me. 3 I wish you wouldn't lie to me. 4 I wish you hadn't lied to me. B Complete the second sentence in each pair. Always begin the second sentence with I wish. Example: I'm sorry I said that. > I wish I hadn't said that, 1 Please don't say things like that. 2 Please don't do that. 3 I'm angry because you said that. 4 I'm angry because you did that. 5 Don't ask me so many questions. 6 Don't smoke here! 7 I'm sorry I asked you that question. 8 It was wrong of you to ask me that question. VOCABULARY_ Word combinations (compound nouns) A Study the definitions (1-3). Then match them with the things they define (a-c). 1 A machine that is used to detect lies. 2 A medicine or something else you can use to make your hair grow again. 3 A person who steals things from people's pockets. a) a pickpocket b) a lie-detector c) a hair restorer B Now define the words below in the same way. Example: a cassette player > Something you can use to play cassettes. 1 a stain remover 2 a company director 3 an air traffic controller 4 a hair-dryer 5 a weedkiller 6 a water softener 7 an office cleaner 8 a textbook writer 9 a photocopier 10 a toilet cleaner 46 • UNIT 6 FOCUS THREE FOCUSTHREE UNIT 6 • 47 WRITING Transactional letter 2 The transactional letter in Part 1 of Paper 2 is either informal (see Unit 2) or formal. Decide which style is more appropriate by thinking about the purpose of the letter and who you are writing to. A Sample task Read the following information and write a letter of complaint to the Manager of the Multiplex Cinema Centre, explaining why you are not satisfied and saying what you think they should do. THE MULTIPLEX CINEMA CENTRE FIVE BIG SCREENS Seats: £3.00 Free parking All programmes start at 20.00 NOW SHOWING: • Goldeneye • Dr Zhivago • Waterworld • Babe • Midnight Runner Seats: None at £3. Ours cost £10! 20 mins' walk away. Nearest car park costs £10. Ad is not true -want money back B Read this sample answer. Choose the best option from the words in italics. Dear Sir/Manager I am writing to complain about/This is about your advertisement for the Multiplex Cinema, which is misleading in a number of ways. Firstly, you state in the advertisement/your advert that seats cost £3.00. But you know/However, when I went to the cinema, the only seats that were available cost £10 each, 1 feel/reckon that it should have been made clear that only a limited number of seats cost £3, and that the others are far/loads more expensive. Secondly/And then you say that there is free car parking. However, when I asked about this at the box office, I was told that the free car park was twenty minutes' walk away. There is a £10 charge for using the car park next to the cinema, but your advertisement does not make this clear at all. So all in all/Under the circumstances, I feel justified in asking for a refund. I would therefore be grateful if you could refund the extra £141 had to spend on the tickets and the £10 charge for parking. J am enclosing/Here are the receipts for these. I look forward to hearing/Hope to hear from you. Yours faithfully/sincerely D D Jones C Look again at the task and the sample letter. Answer these questions with yes or no. Has the writer of the letter ... 1 written to the Manager? 2 chosen a formal style? 3 covered all the points mentioned in the writer's notes? 4 mentioned the five films in the advertisement? 5 explained clearly what the complaint is about? 6 suggested a course of action the manager should take? 7 been offensive? Where you have answered no, think about why the writer has chosen not to do this. D Writing task You have recently been on a short holiday organized by a local company, but you were not happy with some of the things that happened. Read the information from Comfy Cottages and your notes. Then write a letter of complaint to the manager of the company. Holiday dates: Fri Feb 13 - Sun Feb 15 Accommodation: Hotly Tree Cottaye omfy Cottages We have been specializing in short break holidays in countryside cottages for over 10 years. We have an excellent range of first class cottages to choose from. Our cottages combine traditional charm with every modern facility. Your cottage will be cleaned prior to your arrival. You will receive a Welcome Pack with a few essential groceries and a bottle of wine, along with an Information Pack telling you all about the local area. We pride ourselves on our level of service. If there is anything you are unhappy about, let us know. If you are delighted, please tell your friends. No dishwasher TV broken Terrible mess. Not until Saturday! Had no coffee or milk on day 1 -alt shops shut! yes! Refund £100> Free Weekend somewhere else? E Read through these notes before you write your answer. 1 Opening: remember you are writing to the manager. 2 Paragraph 1: explain why you are writing and give details of where you stayed and when. 3 Paragraph 2: describe the problems you had with the facilities. 4 Paragraph 3: describe what other problems you had. 5 Paragraph 4: suggest a course of action. 6 Ending: finish the letter in a suitable way. 48 UNIT 6 FOCUS FOUR REVISION AND EXTENSION Read the following theatre review. Choose the best word, A, B, C or D, to fill spaces 1-15. The Misanthropist The latest production at the Playhouse is a modern version of Moliere's great play of 1666, Le Misanthrope. As in many of his other comedies, Moliere takes an aspect of human nature and (1)._it, so creating a rich variety of comic scenes and situations. In the past, many directors have (2)_to stress the serious (3)_of the play, but here, (4)_ tone light and (5)_ Jack Long has kept the Peter Fowler plays the central character, Alceste. He is a man who has no (6)_of people's emotions. He refuses to (7)_ _ any of the small (8)_ lies that are necessary in normal society,- he doesn't mind (9)_people and ends up hurting the (10)_of almost everyone he meets. It would be easy to feel some sympathy for Alceste - after all, his only fault is that he is too (11)_- but Peter Fowler (12)_to make him look a rather ridiculous figure. There are some excellent performances from other (13).__The long-suffering Philinte (Sam Kirby) comes across as a very sympathetic character. The romantic interest is provided by Celimene (Amanda Carter), although in the end she (14)_to persuade him to change his ways. The Misanthropist is on eveiy night for the next three weeks (15)_Sundays. 1 A increases C expands B grows D exaggerates 2 A used C tended B selected D leaned 3 A side C view B angle D edge 4 A direct C direction B directive D director 5 A fun C comic B pleasant D amused 6 A knowledge C conscience B understanding D thought 7 A speak C tell B say D talk 8 A green C grey B red D white 9 A upsetting C wounding B injuring D damaging 10 A sensations C spirits B emotions D feelings 11 A honest C right B true D accurate 12 A succeeds C achieves B can D manages 13 A casts C players B actors D roles 14 A fails C mistakes B misses D drops 15 A apart C unless B without D except LISTENING H Listen to the speech made at a prize-giving ceremony, and decide which of the following statements are true (T) and which are false (F). 1 There are four categories in the 'Product of the Year' competition. 2 The music plug is designed to be used with ■ computers. 3 The telephone imager sends a picture of the person who is using the telephone. 4 The powered parachute has been entered in the transport category. 5 The concrete mixer can be carried around easily. 6 Inventors depend on scientists to put their ideas into production. 7 Many inventors get their ideas suddenly. 8 Inventors need to know how to make use of computers. 9 Successful inventors are usually good businessmen. 10 The competition has been won by an engineer. □ □ □ □ □ □ r r. r L, FOCUS FIVE UNIT 6 49