Present perfect 1 (I have done) Study this example situation: Exercises Unit 7 7.1 Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. He has lost his key = He lost it recently, and he still doesn't have it. Have/has lost is the present perfect simple: (= I've etc.) finished I/we/they/you have lost (= he's etc.) done he/she/it has been etc. 7.2 The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed (finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.). For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1. When we say that 'something has happened', this is usually new information: □ Ow! I've cut my finger. □ The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident. □ {from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery. When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now: □ 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (= I don't have it now) □ He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now) □ 'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out.' (= she is out now) □ I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is mow?) You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet. Just = a short time ago: □ 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I've just had lunch.' □ Hello. Have you just arrived? We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected: □ 'Don't forget to send the letter.' 'I've already sent it.' □ 'What time is Mark leaving?' 'He's already gone.' Yet = until now. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: □ Has it stopped raining yet? □ I've written the letter, but I haven't sent it yet. _^______^_^^_^__mmim_m 7.3 Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to): □ Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there) □ Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back) Present perfectUnits 8, 11 Been to Units 8A, 126B Present perfect continuous -* Units 9-10 Present perfect and past — Units 12-14 Yet and already -* Unit 111 American English -» Appendix Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs: arrive break fall go up grow improve -lose 1 Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. 2 Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. 3 Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. 4 Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. 5 Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. 6 This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. 7 The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12. ......He. has lost his keu,. She...................................................... The bus fare.............................. Her English................................. He......................................................... The letter....................................... The...................................................... Complete B's sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet. _^\_ _ fl B Would you like something to eat? Do you know where Julia is? What time is David leaving? What's in the newspaper today? Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? Are your friends here yet? What does Tim think about your plan? No, thanks.....i\frJ^Kf(l lU»ch» (I / just / have / lunch) Yes,........................................................................................ (I / just / see / her) (he / already / leave) I don't know. ............................................................. (I / not / read / it yet) No,......................................................................................... (she / already / see / the film) Yes,......................................................................_................. (they / just / arrive) \( we / not / tell / him yet) Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet. 1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to eat?' You say: No thank you......jSte.JUgfc'.tofti lancft...... (have lunch) 2 Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to Joe?' You say: I'm afraid.........................,................................................................................................................................................... (go out) 3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ................................................................................................................ (not / finish) 4 You are going to a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table.' You say: No,..................................,„............................................................... (do it) 5 You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: ..................................................................................................................................................................................... ? (find) 6 You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for your holiday?' You say: ......................................................................................................................................... (not /decide) 7 Linda went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda still at the bank?' You say: No,.................................................................................................................................................. (come back) Put in been or gone. 1 Jim is on holiday. He's..........to Italy. 2 Hello! I've just.............................................to the shops. I've bought lots of things, 3 Alice isn't here at the moment. She's.............................................to the shop to get a newspaper. 4 Tom has.............................................out. He'll be back in about an hour. 5 'Are y°u going to the bank?' 'No, I've already.............................................to the bank.' ■M 16 Exercises Unit 8 8.1 Jane's life (a period until now) past now Study this example conversation: dave: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? jane: Yes, I've been to lots of places. dave: Really? Have you ever been to China? jane: Yes, I've been to China twice. dave: What about India? jane: No, I haven't been to India. When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the present perfect (have been / have travelled etc.). Here, Dave and Jane are talking about the places Jane has visited in her life (which is a period that continues until now). ^^^^^ Some more examples: □ Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life) □ We've never had a car. □ 'Have you read HamletV 'No, I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays.' □ Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times! □ What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen. Been (to) = visited: □ I've never been to China. Have you been there? In the following examples too, the speakers are talking about a period that continues until now (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast etc.): □ Have you heard from Brian recently? □ I've met a lot of people in the last few days. □ Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far. □ I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. (= from breakfast until now) □ It's good to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time. -recently- —in the last few days ■ -since breakfast— past now We use the present perfect with today / this evening / this year etc. when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking (see also Unit 14B): □ I've drunk four cups of coffee today. -today- □ Have you had a holiday this year (yet)?---- □ I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you? "m □ Rob hasn't studied very hard this term. 8.3 now We say: It's the (first) time something has happened. For example: □ Don is having a driving lesson. It's his first one. It's the first time he has driven a car. {not drives) or He has never driven a car before. □ Sarah has lost her passport again. This is the second time this has happened, (not happens) □ Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he's phoned her this evening. This is the first time I've driven a car. 8.4 Present perfect 1 -» Unit 7 Present perfect + for/since Present perfect and past -* Units 12-14 Units 11-12 You are asking people questions about things they have done. Make questions with ever using the words in brackets. 1 (ride / horse?) ......Hg.ve.uotA ever ricUten a. Horse? 2 (be / California?) Have........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 (run / marathon?) ...........................„..........................................._............................................................................................................................... 4 (speak / famous person?) ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 (most beautiful place / visit?) What's....................................................................................................................................................... 8.2 Complete B's answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use the following verbs: be be eat happen have meet play read see see try B 9 10 11 What's Mark's sister like? How is Diane these days? Are you hungry? Can you play chess? Are you enjoying your holiday? What's that book like? Is Brussels an interesting place? Mike was late for work again today. Do you like caviar? I hear your car broke down again yesterday. Who's that woman by the door? I've no idea.......I-Ve>. Hfe^ ttttfr her. I don't know. I...........................................................her recently. Yes. I...................................................................................much today. Yes, but.........................................................................................for ages. Yes, it's the best holiday...................................................................... for a long time. I don't know. ...........................................................................................it. I've no idea.....................................................................................there. Again? He..............................................................................................late every day this week. I don't know. ...........................................................................................it. Yes, it's the second time...................................................................... this week. I don't know. ...................................................................her before. Complete the sentences using today / this year / this term etc. 1 I saw Tom yesterday, but.....LhMm^.-±^J}M..MM.......................................................................................................... 3 I read a newspaper yesterday, but I...............................................................................................................................................today. 4 Last year the company made a profit, but this year.................................................................................................................... 4 Tracy worked hard at school last term, but........................................................................................................................................ 5 It snowed a lot last winter, but.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Our football team won a lot of games last season, but we................................................................................................. Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the example. 1 Jack is driving a car, but he's very nervous and not sure what to do. You ask: .....Have uou driven a. cat before?........................................... He says: ......Npv £HteiiteiiifcHe. first- time lye driven & cat. 2 Ben is playing tennis. He's not good at it and he doesn't know the rules. You ask: Have................................................................_.................................................................................................................................................... He says: No, this is the first.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable. You ask: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... She says: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Maria is in London. She has just arrived and it's very new for her. You ask: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... She says: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) It has been raining Study this example situation: Is it raining? No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining. I/we/they/you have (= I've etc. he/she/it has (= he's etc. doing been waiting playing etc. We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. There is a connection with now: □ You're out of breath. Have you been running? (= you're out of breath now) □ Paul is very tired. He's been working very hard. (= he's tired now) □ Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? □ I've been talking to Amanda about the problem and she agrees with me. □ Where have you been? I've been looking for you everywhere. It has been raining for two hours. Study this example situation: It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining. How long has it been raining? It has been raining for two hours. We use the present perfect continuous in this way with how long, for ... and since .... The activity is still happening (as in this example} or has just stopped. □ How long have you been learning English? (= you're still learning English) □ Tim is still watching television. He's been watching television all day. □ Where have you been? I've been looking for you for the last half hour. □ Chris hasn't been feeling well recently. You can use the present prefect continuous for actions repeated over a period of time: □ Debbie is a very good tennis player. She's been playing since she was eight. □ Every morning they meet in the same cafe. They've been going there for years. Compare I am doing (see Unit 1) and I have been doing: 1 I am doing present continuous _____ I have been doing present perfect continuous 1 now □ Don't disturb me now. I'm working. □ We need an umbrella. It's raining. □ Hurry up! We're waiting. now □ I've been working hard. Now I'm going to have a break. □ The ground is wet. It's been raining. □ We've been waiting for an hour. Exercises 9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening? Unit 9 9.2 9.3 9.4 earlier now They ,V beqi [t^mg. earlier now They earlier now She ... earlier now He Write a question for each situation. 1 You meet Paul as he is leaving the swimming pool. You ask: (you / swim?) .....SftEfl- .............................................................................. 2 You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you. You ask: (you / wait / long?) ............................................................................................................................................... 3 You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are very dirty. You ask: (what / you / do?) ................................................................................................................................................... 4 A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long. You ask: (how long / you / work / there?) ............................................................................................................ 5 A friend tells you about his job - he sells computers. You want to know how long. You ask: (how long / you / sell / computers?) .........................„.............................._........................................ Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1 It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It MSM.. rmm<}.....for two hours. 2 We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. We................................................................................................................................................................for 20 minutes. 3 I'm learning Spanish. 1 started classes in December. I................................................................................................................................................................since December. 4 Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. .....................................-...........-.......-...................................................................................................since 18 January. 5 Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago. ................................................................................................................................................................for years. Put the verb into the present continuous (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous (I have been -ing). 1 .....MW&.MsMwJmvm..... (Maria / learn) English for two years. 2 Hello, Tom..................................................................................(I / look) for you. Where have you been? 3 Why................................................................................. (you / look) at me like that? Stop it! 4 Linda is a teacher. ................................................................................. (she / teach) for ten years. * ................................................................................. (I / think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice. 6 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No,.................................................................................(he / work).' 7 Sarah is very tired.................................................................................. (she / work) very hard recently. Present perfect continuous and simple -» Units 10-11 Present perfect + for/since -* Units 11-12 19 Unit 10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done) Study this example situation: Kate's clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling. Has been painting is the present perfect continuous. We are interested in the activity. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not. In this example, the activity (painting the ceiling) has not been finished. The ceiling was white. Now it is red. She has painted the ceiling. Has painted is the present perfect simple. Here, the important thing is that something has been finished. Has painted is a completed action. We are interested in the result of the activity (the painted celling), not the activity itself. i Compare these examples: □ My hands are very dirty. I've been repairing the car. □ Joe has been eating too much recently. He should eat less. □ It's nice to see you again. What have you been doing since we last met? □ Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis? □ The car is OK again now. I've repaired it. □ Somebody has eaten all my chocolates. The box is empty. □ Where's the book I gave you? What have you done with it? □ Have you ever played tennis? We use the continuous to say how long (for an activity that is still happening): n How long have you been reading that book? □ Lisa is still writing letters. She's been writing letters all day. □ They've been playing tennis since 2 o'clock. □ I'm learning Spanish, but I haven't been learning it very long. We use the simple to say bow much, how many or how many times (for completed actions): □ How much of that book have you read? □ Lisa has written ten letters today. □ They've played tennis three times this week. □ I'm learning Spanish, but I haven't learnt very much yet. 20 Some verbs (for example, know/like/believe) are not normally used in the continuous: □ I've known about it for a long time, (not I've been knowing) For a list of these verbs, see Unit 4A. But note that you can use want and mean in the present perfect continuous: □ I've been meaning to phone Jane, but I keep forgetting. Present perfect simple -* Units 7-8 Present perfect continuous -* Unit 9 Present perfect + for/since -> Units 11-12 Exercises Unit 10 10.1 10.2 For each situation, write two sentences using the words in brackets. 1 Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. (read / for two hours) .....He..h»g,.H^,i,iypur.i.mp^^,ibeeyimjh .Hospital?.......................................... 2 You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her: (how long / teach / English?) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 You know that Jane is a good friend of Caroline's. You ask Jane: (how long / know / Caroline?) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Your friend's brother went to Australia some time ago and he's still there. You ask your friend: (how long / be / in Australia?) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Tim always wears the same jacket. It's a very old jacket. You ask him: (how long / have / that jacket?) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 You are talking to a friend about Joe. Joe now works at the airport. You ask your friend: (how long / work / at the airport?) ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 A friend of yours is learning to drive. You ask him: (how long / learn / to drive?) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 You meet somebody on a plane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her: (always / live / in Chicago?) .................................................................................................................................................................................. Complete B's answers to A's questions. ■-. Bill is in hospital, isn't he? Do you see Ann very often? Is Margaret married? Are you waiting for me? You know Linda, don't you? Do you still play tennis? Is Jim watching TV? Do you watch TV a lot? Have you got a headache? George is never ill, is he? Are you feeling ill? Sue lives in London, doesn't she? B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Do you go to the cinema a lot? Would you like to go to New York one day?/ Yes, he..........in hospital since Monday. No, I.....bM^li ..seen.....her for three months. Yes, she...............„.............................-........married for ten years. Yes, I................................................................for the last half hour. Yes, we.....................................................each other a long time. No, I...............................................................................tennis for years. Yes, he...........................................................................TV all evening. No, I.........................................................................................TV for ages. Yes, I.........................................................a headache all morning. No, he...................................................ill since I've known him. Yes, I...............................................................................................ill all day. Yes, she.......................................................................................in London for the last few years. No, I............................................................to the cinema for ages. Yes, I........................................................._.........to go to New York, \(use always / want) ^ For and since When ... ? and How long ... ? Exercises Unit 12 12.1 We use for and since to say how long something has been happening. We use since + the start of a period (8 o'clock, Monday, 1999 etc.): □ I've been waiting since 8 o'clock. We use for + a period of time (two hours, six weeks etc.): □ I've been waiting for two hours. for two hours two hours ago- ■ now two hours 20 minutes five days for a long time six months 50 years a week ages years since 8 o'clock 8 o'clock--* now a Sally has been working here for six months, (not since six months) □ I haven't seen Tom for three days. [not since three days) 8 o'clock Monday 12 May since April 1985 Christmas lunchtime we arrived I got up 12.2 □ Sally has been working here since April. (= from April until now) □ I haven't seen Tom since Monday. (= from Monday until now) It is possible to leave out for {but not usually in negative sentences): □ They've been married (for) ten years, (with or without for) □ They haven't had a holiday for ten years, (you must use for) We do not use for + all... (all day / all my life etc.): □ I've lived here all my life, (not for all my life) Compare when ... ? (+ past simple) and how long ... ? (+ present perfect): a: When did it start raining? b: It started raining an hour ago / at 1 o'clock. a: How long has it been raining? b: It's been raining for an hour / since 1 o'clock. a: When did Joe and Carol first meet? c fa long time ago. b: They first met , . , , [ when they were at school. a: How long have they known each other? for a long time. b: They've known each other | ^ they wefe at school 12.3 Write for or since. 1 It's been raining.....suxe.....lunchtime. 2 Sarah has lived in Paris.................................... 1995. 3 Paul has lived in London....................................ten years. 4 I'm tired of waiting. We've been sitting here....................................an hour. 5 Kevin has been looking for a job....................................he left school. 6 I haven't been to a party....................................ages. 7 I wonder where Joe is. I haven't seen him....................................last week. 8 Jane is away. She's been away....................................Friday. 9 The weather is dry. It hasn't rained.................................... a few weeks. Write questions with how long and when. 1 It's raining. (how long?) ...How...Long has ii been raoung ?........................................................ (when?) When clicL &_sb^,J<>MX&l.......................................................................... 2 Kate is learning Japanese. (how long / learn?) ............................................................................................................................... (when / start?) ............................................................................................................................................ 3 I know Simon, (how long / you / know?) .............................................................................................................. (when / you / first / meet?) ............................................................................................................ 4 Rebecca and David are married. (how long?) .................................................................................................................................................. (when?)............................................................................................................................................................. 12.4 24 We say 'It's (a long time / two years etc.) since something happened': □ It's two years since I last saw Joe. (= I haven't seen Joe for two years) □ It's ages since we went to the cinema. (= We haven't been to the cinema for ages) You can ask 'How long is it since ... ?': □ How long is it since you last saw Joe? (= When did you last see Joe?) □ How long is it since Mrs Hill died? (= When did Mrs Hill die?) You can also say 'It's been (= It has been) ... since ... ': □ It's been two years since I last saw Joe. How long have you (been) ... ? -» Unit 11 Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1 It's raining. It's been raining since lunchtime. It......5tot^...r^Ln.g......................................at lunchtime. 2 Ann and Sue are friends. They first met years ago. They've.....kmS^L^XM^J^-.......years. 3 Joe is ill. He became ill on Sunday. He has.....................................................................................................................Sunday. 4 Joe is ill. He became ill a few days ago. He has................................................................................................a few days. 5 Liz is married. She's been married for a year. She got.......................................................................................................... 6 You have a headache. It started when you woke up. I've.............................................................................................................................I woke up. 7 Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks. She went..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 You're working in a hotel. You started six months ago. I've................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Write B's sentences using the words in brackets. 1 a: Do you often go on holiday? b: (no / five years) .....No>.J.,haven'^^................................................................... 2 a: Do you often see Sarah? b: (no / about a month) No, ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 a: Do you often go to the cinema? b: (no / a long time) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 a: Do you often eat in restaurants? b: (no / ages) No, I......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Now write B's answers again. This time use It's ... since .. 5 (i).....HP? M^-'f.Jy^: ,suye. 1 had, a- hoUxiat)........... 6 (2) No,................................................................................................................................ 7 (3)............................................................................................................................................. 8 (4)'No, it's....................................................................................................................... 25 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did) Exercises Unit 13 Study this example situation: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. [present perfect) This means that he doesn't have his key now. Ten minutes later: Now Tom has found his key. He has it now. Has he lost his key? No, he has found it. Did he lose his key? Yes, he did. He lost his key (past simple) but now he has found it. {present perfect) The present perfect (something has happened} is a present tense. It always tells us about the situation now. 'Tom has lost his key' = he doesn't have his key now (see Unit 7). The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the past. If somebody says 'Tom lost his key', this doesn't tell us whether he has the key now or not. It tells us only that he lost his key at some time in the past. Do not use the present perfect if the situation now is different. Compare: □ They've gone away. They'll be back on Friday, (they are away now) They went away, but I think they're back at home now. (not They've gone) □ It has stopped raining now, so we don't need the umbrella, (it isn't raining now) It stopped raining for a while, but now it's raining again, (not It has stopped) You can use the present perfect for new or recent happenings: □ 'I've repaired the TV. It's working OK now.' 'Oh, that's good.' □ Have you heard the news? Sally has won the lottery! Use the past simple (not the present perfect) for things that are not recent or new: □ Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (not has been ... has written) □ My mother grew up in Scotland, (not has grown) Compare: □ Did you know that somebody has invented a new type of washing machine? □ Who invented the telephone? (not has invented) We use the present perfect to give new information (see Unit 7). But if we continue to talk about it, we normally use the past simple: □ a: Ow! I've burnt myself, b: How did you do that? (not have you done) a: I picked up a hot dish, (not have picked) □ a: Look! Somebody has spilt something on the sofa. b: Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it. (not hasn't been ... haven't done) Past simple Unit 5 Present perfect Units 7-8 Present perfect and past 2 ~* Unit 14 American English -* Appendix 7 13.1 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect where possible. Otherwise use the past simple. I can't get in. I JmJmk... (lose) my key. The office is empty now. Everybody (go) home. Yes, (have) a headache, but fine now. 13.2 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1 It.....SfeČEšííí.....raining for a while, but now it's raining again, (stop) 2 The town is very different now. It.....hSé^Ůl&SSá:.....a lot. (change) 3 I did German at school, but I........................................................................most of it now. (forget) 4 The police........................................................................three people, but later they let them go. (arrest) 5 What do you think of my English? Do you think it........................................................................ ? (improve) 6 a: Are you still reading the paper? B: No, I........................................................................with it. You can have it. (finish) 7 1........................................................................for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn't successful, (apply) 8 Where's my bike? It........................................................................outside the house, but it's not there now. (be) 9 Look! There's an ambulance over there. There........................................................................ an accident, (be) 10 a: Have you heard about Ben? He........................................................................his arm. (break) B: Really? How............................that................_................................_....................? (happen) a: He........................................................................off a ladder, (fall) 13.3 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 Do you know about Sue? She's given up her job.....QK...................................................................................... 2 My mother has grown up in Scotland. 3 How many plays has Shakespeare written? 4 Ow! I've cut my finger. It's bleeding. 5 Drugs have become a big problem everywhere. 6 The Chinese have invented paper. 7 Where have you been born? 8 Mary isn't at home. She's gone shopping. 9 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who íläSjgxveloped the theory of relativity. .J— Unit 14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did) Do not use the present perfect {I have done) when you talk about a finished time (for example, yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 1999 / when I was a child). Use a past tense: □ It was very cold yesterday, (not has been) □ Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived) □ Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten) □ I got home late last night. I was very tired and went straight to bed. Use the past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ?: □ When did your friends arrive? (not have ... arrived) □ What time did you finish work? Compare: Exercises Unit 14 Present perfect □ Tom has lost his key. He can't get into the house. □ Is Carla here or has she left? Past simple □ Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn't get into the house. □ When did Carla leave? Compare: Present perfect (have done) □ I've done a lot of work today. We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues until now. For example: today / this week / since 1985. ^unfinished-] to 'day past now □ It hasn't rained this week. □ Have you seen Anna this morning? it is still morning) □ Have you seen Tim recently? □ I don't know where Lisa is. I haven't seen her. (= I haven't seen her recently) □ We've been waiting for an hour, (we are still waiting now) □ Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. □ I have never played golf, (in my life) □ It's the last day of your holiday. You say: It's been a really good holiday. I've really enjoyed it. Past simple (did) □ I did a lot of work yesterday. We use the past simple for a finished time in the past. For example: yesterday / last week / from 1995 to 2001. r— finished — yesterday past now □ It didn't rain last week. □ Did you see Anna this morning? (it is now afternoon or evening) □ Did you see Tim on Sunday? □ a: Was Lisa at the party on Sunday? b: I don't think so. I didn't see her. □ We waited (or were waiting) for an hour, (we are no longer waiting) □ Ian lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. □ I didn't play golf last summer. □ After you come back from holiday you say: It was a really good holiday. I really enjoyed it. 14.1 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 I've lost my key. I can't find it anywhere. .....OK....................................................................... 2 Have you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child? .....5^_.yw,.,eAt........................................... 3 I've bought a new car. You must come and see it. .................................................................................... 4 I've bought a new car last week. .................................................................................... 5 Where have you been yesterday evening? .................................................................................... 6 Lucy has left school in 1999. .................................................................................... 7 I'm looking for Mike. Have you seen him? ..........................„........................................................ 8 'Have you been to Paris?' 'Yes, many times.' .................................................................................... 9 I'm very hungry. I haven't eaten much today. .................................................................................... 10 When has this book been published? ................................................................... 14.2 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. 1 (it / not / rain / this week) .....It hflgtt't mtfteA this fleet? T............................................................... 2 (the weather / be / cold / recently) The weather........................................................................................... 3 (it / cold / last week) It............................................................................................................................................................ 4 (I / not / read / a newspaper yesterday) I ............................................................................................................. 5 (I / not / read / a newspaper today) ........................................................................................................................... 6 (Emily / earn / a lot of money / this year) ........................................................................................................... 7 (she / not / earn / so much / last year) .................................................................................................................... 8 (you / have / a holiday recently?) ................................................................................................................................. 14.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1 I don't know where Lisa is......jHga&4gi4 jMfffl..... (you / see) her? 2 When I ........................................................................ (get) home last night, I........................................................................ (be) very tired and I........................................................................(go) straight to bed. 3 a: ........................................................................ (you / finish) painting the bedroom? b: Not yet. I'll finish it tomorrow. George........................................................................(not / be) very well last week. Mr Clark........................................................................(work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. Molly lives in Dublin, She........................................................................(live) there all her life. a: ........................................................................(you / go) to the cinema last night? b: Yes, but it..........................................................(be) a mistake. The film..........................................................(be) awful. My grandfather....................---------............_.......................... (die) before I was born. I ........................................................................(never / meet) him. I don't know Carol's husband. I........................................................................ (never / meet) him. a: Is Martin here? b: No, he........................................................................ (go) out. a: When exactly........................................................................(he / go) out? b: About ten minutes ago. 11 a: Where do you live? b: In Boston. a: How long........................................................................ (you / live) there? b: Five years. a: Where........................................................................(you / live) before that? b: In Chicago. a: And how long........................................................................ (you / live) in Chicago? b: Two years. H.4 Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets. 4 5 6 7 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 (something you haven't done today) .....LMven'fc. eaten tint) -fruit tocUuj. (something you haven't done today) ..................................................................................................... (something you didn't do yesterday) ...............„......................................................_................„.......... (something you did yesterday evening) .................................._.................................................... (something you haven't done recently) Unit 5 Present perfect -» Units 7-8 Present perfect and past 1 —■ Unit 13 6 (something you've done a lot recently) Additional exercises 2-4 (pages 303-04), 14-15 (pages 310-11) 29