Writing Writing a story 3 Look at the beginnings and endings of Saskia's story and Bradley's story. Choose one of them and write the rest of the story. Use some of the ideas to help if you want. BEGINNINGS Siskins Story BmdLeys Story Revision The night she found out that Bradley had left her, Saskia put on her coat and went for a long walk. She had a lot of thinking to do, and she didn't want to be disturbed. After an hour, she suddenly found herself in a part of town that looked familiar. She hadn't been there for a long time, but then she realized how she knew the area. She ... had lived there as a student knew a lot of people ... no real boyfriends, but had liked a boy called Paul because ... She wondered what had happened to him ... Suddenly a door opened ... Saskia wasn't looking for another intense relationship ... She decided to ... Six months later, one Saturday night, she was at a party given by some old friends. Suddenly, across the room, she caught sight of ... He asked her... She told him ... They met a few days later in a ... Saskia was a stronger person now than she had been just six months ago ... ... independent... ... enjoyed being able to do what she wanted ... But she found herself becoming more and more attracted to ... Bradley left Saskia because he had met another women. He had wanted to make Saskia happy, but Bradley was the sort of man who is never happy with what he has got, Bradley had met Alessandra as he was leaving a London train station. She had just arrived from Italy, and was lost. Bradley asked her ... began to see more of each other ... had a lot in common ... both liked ... After Bradley had got his divorce from Saskia ... Alessandra wanted to go back to Italy because ... At first, Bradley was happy. He was a writer, and could write just as well in Italy as ... Sometimes, he had to fly back to London to meet... Alessandra stayed in Italy because ... His visits started to last longer and longer ... One Saturday night, he was at a party given by some old friend. Suddenly, across the room, he caught sight of... She asked him ... He told her... They met a few days later in a ... Bradley was beginning to realize that he had always loved ... But it was difficult to persuade X that he was sincere ... Saskia was very grateful to Bradley, in fact. She > Bradley thought that he was a very lucky man. had learned that she didn't need to rely totally on other people to be happy. She had realized that she shouldn't let a relationship dominate her life. She looked into X's eyes, and this time saw trust, love, and sincerity. Her happiness would last forever. He had nearly lost the person who meant more to him than anybody and anything else in the world. He looked down into X's eyes, kissed her gently, and promised that this time it was forever. Tenses and verb forms Question forms 1 Word order Put the words in the right order to ask a question, and write true answers. 1 from you where are Where are you from ? I'm from Milan._ 2 it moment raining at is the 3 Chinese ever you food eaten have 4 are going do you this to what weekend 5 time up get usually do what you 6 many you can how languages speak 7 start English when you studying did 2 Short answers Complete the questions in A. Then match a question in A and an answer in B. Does he come from Spain? ~\ _he coming this evening? _I late? _she got a car? _we going by car? _she work in a bank? _I need a passport? __we see him yesterday? B Yes, you are. No, she hasn't. Yes, he is. No, we aren't. Yes, we did. No, you don't. No, she doesn't. Yes, he does. 3 Correcting mistakes In each of the following questions there is one mistake. Find it and correct it. 1 What you do? What do you do ? 2 Does he got a calculator? 3 Have you ever ride a motorbike? 4 What you are doing tonight? 5 Where you went last night? 6 Your friends they like travelling? 7 Do you can speak English? 8 What are you go to do tomorrow? Present Simple 1 Making questions Write questions and answers, 1 he/get up-6.00 What time does he vet up ? He gets up at 6.00. 2 she/do - architect 3 they / live - Glasgow 4 Mark/study-physics 80 Unit 14 ** Love you and leave you Revision 81 5 bank/open-9.00 6 her parents / come from - Ireland 7 she / speak - Russian and Chinese 2 Making negatives Make the following sentences negative. Then give the right information. 1 Lions live in Europe. Lions don't live in Europe. They live in Africa._ 2 Concorde flies slowly. 3 Birds build nests underground. 4 Pasta comes from France. 5 The temperature rises at night. 6 Ornithologists study insects. 7 Brazilians speak Spanish. 3 Present Simple or Continuous? Underline the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1 He speaks/'s speaking French and German. 2 I don't understand I'm not understanding. 3 Hurry up! I wait I'm waiting. 4 What sports do you like/are you liking7. 5 We come/'re coming to see you this weekend. 6 'What do you do/areyou doing7.' T write I'm writings postcard.' 7 Do Americans drive I Are Americans driving on the left? 8 'Do you enjoy/Are you enjoying the film?' 'Yes, I do I am' 9 'Does she need/Is she needing any help?' 'No, she doesn't/isn't! 82 Revision Past Simple Describing a holiday Put the verb in brackets in the Past Simple. David Where did you go (go) for your last holiday, Sara? Sara 1(1)_(go) cycling in France with two friends. David Oh yes? How (2)_(get) to France? Sara We (3)_(catch) the ferry to Cherbourg. David (4)_(stay) in hotels? Sara Only twice, when the weather (5)_(not be) very good. The rest of the time we (6)_ (camp), so we (7)_(not spend) much money. David (8)_(rain) much? Sara No, the sun (9)_(shine) most days. David (10)_(have) any problems? Sara Well, 1(11)_(fall) off my bike once, and we (12)_(forget) to take any tea bags, but we (13)_(not have) any mechanical problems! David What (14)_(do) in the evenings? Sara We (15) (16)_ (17)_ _(find) a campsite, and then we (go) shopping in the nearest village, (cook) a big dinner, (18)__ (eat) lots of food, and (19)_ It (20)_(be) great! David When (21)_(get back)? (drink) wine. Sara I (22) friends (23) They (24) _ (fly) home last Sunday, but my _(come) back three days later. _ (not want) to leave France! 2 Short answers Answer the following questions about Sara's holiday. Use short answers. 1 'Did she go to France?' ' Yes, she did .' 2 'Did they camp every night?' 3 'Did Sara have an accident?' 4 'Did they all come home at the same time?' 5 'Was it expensive to camp?' 6 'Was the weather good most of the time?' Past Continuous 1 Forming the Past Continuous What were these people doing at 6.00 yesterday evening? Make sentences in the Past Continuous. 1 Jan/ not listen to the radio/watch television Jan wasn't listening to the radio. He was watching television._ 2 Maria/ not work / drive home 3 We / not swim / sit in a traffic j am 4 Matthew and Peter / not run / play squash 5 I / not watch a film / have a bath 6 Justin / not read / cook dinner What were you doing? Answer the following questions about you! What were you doing at... 1 6.00 yesterday morning? 2 8.00 a.m. yesterday? 3 10.00 p.m. last Sunday? 4 midday yesterday? 5 5.30 p.m. the day before yesterday? 6 2.30 yesterday afternoon? Past Simple or Continuous? Put the verb in brackets in the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Last week I decided over for dinner. 1(1) (decide) to invite some friends _(buy) lots of delicious food, including some Parma ham. At about 6.00 I (2)_(cook) in the kitchen. The sun (3)_(shine) and it (4)_(be) a beautiful evening, so I (5) (open)the back door. Then the telephone (6)_ (ring). I (7)_(go) to answer it, and when I (8)_(come) back the ham (9)_(not be) on the table. I (10) (11) (12) (13) (look) out of the window. A cat (sit) on my garden wall, and it (eat) my ham. What (can) I do? I (14)_(fill) _(go) quietly (not look) in my (enjoy) the ham so a pan with water and (15)_ outside. The cat (16)_ direction, and it (17)_ much that it (18)_(not hear) me. I (19)_(walk) slowly up to it -1 (20)_(want) to empty the water over its head. A bit cruel, I know, but the ham (21)_ (be) very expensive! But at the last moment the cat (22)_(hear) me, (23)_ (jump) over the wall, and (24)_(escape). The happiest cat in the neighbourhood ... Verb patterns 1 1 Would you (ike or do you likel 1 Complete the following questions using would you like or do you like. What walking? to go to the cinema? going to the cinema? to drink? What drinks to go for a walk? ? 2 Match the questions and answers. a 4_ Mineral water, please. b _ Usually, but I hate horror films. c _ Yes, especially in the mountains. d _ Yes, it's beautiful weather. e _ It depends what's on. f Red wine and beer. Revision 83 2 Infinitive or -ingl Put the verb in brackets in the right form, infinitive or -ing. Sometimes both are possible. 1 I want to sell (sell) my car. 2 I'm thinking of_ _(buy) a car. 3 She hopes_ (be) here by 7.00. 4 I love_(watch) black and white films. 5 I'd like (continue) (study), but I haven't got enough money. 6 We finished_(paint) the house last week. 7 Would you like_ 8 He started_ 9 I've decided _(work) in a hospital? (play) golf last year. _ (train) to be a physiotherapist. will and going to Choosing the correct form Underline the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1 'I'm cold-' 'I'll put/I'm going to put the heating on.' 2 'Can I speak to Marco?' 'Hold on, I'll get/I'm going to get him.' 3 'Coffee or tea?' 'I'll have/I'm going to have tea, please.' 4 'Has Hugh got any plans for the weekend?' 'Yes, he'll visit/he's going to visithis grandparents.' 5 'Cath's on the phone for you.' 'Can she call back? I'll have/I'm going to have a bath.' 6 'I'll go I I'm going to go to the supermarket.' 'Oh, will you/are yoü? I think I'll come/I'm going to come with you.' 7 'Did you get my fax?' 'No, I didn't.' 'OK, I'll send/I'm going to send it again.' 8 'Sophie? Will you marry me/Are you going to marry me7. 'Oh, James! Yes, of course I will/I'm going to'. Present Perfect 1 Making positive and negative sentences Have you ever done these things? Put a tick (/) or a cross (X) next to each one. Then write sentences. write a letter to a newspaper X ski in the Alps meet a famous person visit the Vatican win a prize sing in public read Dante's Inferno 1 I've never written a letter to a newspaper._ 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 Making questions Put the words in the right order to ask a question, and write true answers. 1 ever you to Austria been have Have you ever been to Austria ? Yes, I have. 2 haircut you have a had recently 3 year have films this you seen what 4 ever cigarette a you smoked have 5 restaurant eaten a you have in week this 6 any you have CDs bought month this 84 Revision 3 Present Perfect or Past Simple? Put the verb in brackets in the Present Perfect or the Past Simple. Interviewer Today I'm talking to Tony Crooks, the British film director. Tell me, Tony, how long have you been (be) a film director? Tony Well, I (1)_(study) film-making at university in the 1970s, and I (2)_ (work) as a director for over 20 years now. Interviewer What (3)_ _(be) the first film you (4)_(make)? Tony A Prisoner's Life in 1978, but I (5)_ (lose) the only copy a year later so nobody (6)_(see) it since then! My first successful film (7)_(be) Always, which (8)_(come out) in 1982. Interviewer And how many countries (9)_(visit)? (10)_ (make) films outside Britain? Tony I (11)__(not work) in many countries - only Britain, Germany, and Italy. Last month 1(12)_(fly) to Berlin and (13)_(spend) two weeks filming there. Interviewer When (14)_ _(go) to Italy? Tony In 1995.1(15) (want) to make a TV documentary called North and South, about regional differences in Europe, and I (16)_(drive) all the way from the Alps to Sicily. Interviewer What are the best things about your job? Tony The travel and the people. I (17)_ (travel) all over the world, going to film festivals and so on. And I (18)_(meet) some great people. Interviewer (19)_(start) any new projects recently? Tony Yes, last week I (20)_ _(sign) a contract for a new film set in China. Interviewer Well, thank you, Tony - it (21)_(be) very interesting talking to you ... have to and should 1 Making positive and negative sentences Complete the following sentences using have to, has to, don't have to, doesn't have to, should, or shouldn't. 1 'I'm tired.' 'You should go to bed.' 2 'I haven't done my homework.' 'Don't worry. You_ _do it today' 3 'What time do we_be at the airport?' '12.30 -1 think we _ _call a taxi now.' 4 'Jane_ _work on Saturdays.' 'That's terrible. She_get a new job.' 5 'Luke_ wear a school uniform.' 'Lucky him! All his brothers and sisters 'Does he 'No, he _ go on a diet?' , but I think he 2 What's the problem? Look at the advice. What problems do the people have? 1 ' I've got a headache ' 'You should take an aspirin 2 ' 'You should study harder.' 3 ' 'You should take it back to the shop.' 4 ' You should keep it in a safe place.' 5 ' 'You should phone the police.' will and First Conditional 1 Choosing the correct form In the following pairs of sentences, one sentence is wrong. Put a tick (/) or a cross (X) next to each one. 1 If it's sunny tomorrow we'll play tennis. If it will be sunny tomorrow we play tennis. 2 I want to see her before she'll go. I want to see her before she goes. 3 A Have we got any milk? B No, I buy some. B No, I'll buy some. 4 Will you see Robert tomorrow? Do you see Robert tomorrow? Revision 85 5 I'll wait here until you'll phone. I'll wait here until you phone. 2 What will happen? Match a line in A with a line in B. Then make sentences using the First Conditional. you/give me some money she/study more there/be an election it/stop raining the phone/ring you/cook the weather/get worse B the river/not flood '-T/do the shopping I / do the washing up we/not go for a walk the government/win she/not fail her exams I/answer it 1 If you give me some money I'll do the shopping. 2 _ 3 _ 4 _ 5 _ 6 _ 7 _ Verb patterns 2 Choosing the correct form Put a tick (/) next to the correct form of the verb. 1 She refused pay to pay paying for the meal. go to go going 2 My boss let me 3 Your writing is impossible 4 I'll never forget 5 He always makes me 6 I managed home early. read, to read, reading. meet to meet meeting laugh to laugh, laughing. smoke. him for the first time. give up to give up giving up to smoke, smoking. 86 Revision used to Things have changed Complete the following sentences in a suitable way. 1 I'm not very fit now, but I used to do a lot of exercise. I live in a house now , but I used to live in a flat. 2 I don't play much sport now, but_ 3 She didn't use to like Indian food, but 4 He used to live in Edinburgh, but , but I haven't got any pets now. , but now he's on a diet. 7 We used to go to France on holiday, but 8 They didn't use to like watching TV, but The passive 1 Forming the passive Complete the following sentences. 1 200 houses / build / last year 200 houses were built last year. 2 4,000 books / sell / in the last week 3 the post/ deliver/ 8.00 every morning 4 Mercedes / not make / Sweden 5 four people/ arrest /during yesterday's football match 6 Buckingham Palace/open to the public/1995 7 the new bridge /not build/ next year 8 a cure for malaria / j ust b e find / scientists in Paris Active or passive? Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, Past Simple, Present Perfect, or Present Simple, active or passive. Mount Everest and K2 are believed (believe) to be the two highest mountains in the world, but they (1)_(be) very different. Everest (2)_(climb) for the first time in 1953, and since then thousands of people (3)_(stand) on the summit. You (4) _ _(not need) to be a professional climber - every year many people (5)_ (take) to the top by guides. But in recent years this popularity (6)_(begin) to cause problems. Since 1953 thousands of tons of rubbish (7)_(left) at the foot of the mountain, and a lot of people (8)_(think) that the 'Everest experience' (9)_(ruin) by the number of visitors. K2, deep in the Himalayas, (10)_ (not measure) until 1859, seven years after Everest. It (11)_(say) to be the most dangerous mountain in the world, and it (12)_ (not climb) as often as Everest has. Every year small numbers of mountaineers (13)_(try) to reach the top, but not many (14)_ (succeed) - some of the worst Himalayan accidents in the last twenty years (15)__(happen) on the mountain, and many lives (16)__ (lose). Tourist expeditions (17)_(start) going to Everest in the 1980s, and the number of visitors (18)_(rise) since then, but they (19)_(not go) to K2. Second Conditional 1 What would they do? Match a line in A with a line in B. Then make sentences using the Second Conditional. A B you/stop smoking —>. take a taxi he / do more exercise \ not need to get the bus I/be President ^- -not cough so much I/win the lottery be fitter she/have a car abolish income tax I/buy an alarm clock not be late for work we/miss the bus buy a Ferrari 1 If you stopped smoking you wouldn't cough so much. 2 _ 3 _ 4 _ 5 _ 6___ 7 _ 2 Correcting mistakes In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it. 1 I'd lend you the money if I'd have it. I'd lend you the money if I had it. 2 If I have more money I'd go on holiday. 3 We could play football if the weather would be nice. 4 I'll help you in the garden if my back didn't hurt. 5 If I were English I didn't have to study the language! Present Perfect Simple and Continuous 1 Present Perfect Simple Complete the following sentences with suitable words. 1 I've never been to Paris. 2 'You look brown. Have you_on holiday?' Yes, we've_got back.' 3 '_you heard? Jane's_a baby!' she? she come out of hospital?' 'No, not 4 'I've 'What, all my Christmas cards.' _ ? But it's only October!' anybody seen my glasses? I've them.' 'No, we 6 T worked here_two years.' you? And how long_you lived in London?' 1992.' 7 'Where's Nick?' 'He's shopping.' Revision 8 8 ' 'I you organized your holiday?' bought the tickets, but I_ got the insurance 2 What have you been doing? Answer the questions. Put the verbs in the box in the Present Perfect Continuous. plan my holidays try them on smoke cigars sit in the sun clean decorate the bathroom repair the car 1 'Why are your hands dirty?' ' Vve, been repairing the car 2 'The kitchen looks better.' 3 'Why is his face red?' 4 'What are these brochures for?' ■5 'Why are their clothes covered in paint?' 6 'What's that terrible smell?' 7 'Why are all her winter clothes out?' Present Perfect Simple or Continuous? In the following pairs of sentences, one verb form is right and one is wrong. Put a tick (/) or a cross (X) next to each one. 1 How long have you been writing that letter? How long have you written that letter? 2 I'm exhausted! I've played tennis for hours. I'm exhausted! I've been playing tennis for hours. 3 Have you ever flown to Scotland? Have you ever been flying to Scotland? 4 Oh no! I've lost my car keys. Oh no! I've been losing my car keys. 5 Has the film been starting? Has the film started? 6 How long has she been having her car? How long has she had her car? 7 I've been breaking my leg. I've broken my leg. Past Perfect 1 Forming the Past Perfect Match a line in A with a line in B. Then complete the sentences. A be late- go skiing fail the exam not recognize him apologize be tired be hungry B not study have a haircut alarm clock not go off not cook enough food break my leg not sleep well call him an idiot 1 She was late because herManndock hadn't gone o$_ 2 I couldn't go skiing because_ 3 They failed the exam because_ 4 I didn't recognize him because_ 5 I apologized because__ 6 She was tired because____ 7 We were hungry because___ Past Simple or Past Perfect? Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or the Past Perfect. I went to a school reunion last week. I was (be) very surprised-so many things (1)_(change). They (2)_(knock down) the old gymnasium, and the library (3)_ (disappear). I (4)__(walk) slowly round the (seem) much _(build) some _(meet) school. Everything (5)_ smaller, although they (6)_ impressive new buildings. I (7)_ lots of my old schools friends, too, and they (8)_(not stay) the same either. Some of them (9)_(move) to London, and most of them (10)_(get) married. I (11)_ -he (12) (13)_ (talk) to the headmaster for a while _(not leave). He (say) that he (14)__ (remember) every boy who (15) the school since he (16)_ there in 1978. But when I (17) what my name was, he (18) confess that he (19)_ (20)_(make) me realize that I (21)_(change) too! _(attend) (start) working _(ask) him _(have to) (forget) - that 88 Revision