Both / both of   neither / neither of   either / either of
We use both/neither/either for two things. You can use these words with a noun (both books,
Forsample, you are talking about going out to eat this evening. There are two restaurants where you can go. You say:
• Both restaurants are very good, [not 'the both restaurants )
o Neither restaurant is expensive. . „«,_,,
• We car, go to either restaurant. I don't mind, (either = one or the other, it doesn t matter
which one) Both of... / neither of... / either of...
When you use both/neithcr/eithcr + of, you always need the... / these/those .. / my/your/his/ _ Tom's... (etc.). You cannot say 'both of restaurants'. You have to say 'both of the restaurants , 'both of those restaurants' etc.:
• Both of these restaurants arc very good.
• Neither of the restaurants we went to was (or were) expensive.
• I haven't been to either of those restaurants. (= I haven't been to one or the other) You don't need of after both. So you can say:
• Both my parents are from London,   or   Both of my parents...
You can use both of / neither of / either of + us/you/them:
• (talking to two people) Can either of you speak Spanish?
• I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them knew. You must say 'both of before us/you/them (of is necessary):
• Both of us were very tired, {not 'Both us were...') After neither of... a singular or a plural verb is possible:
• Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed.
You can also use botb/neither/citber alone: i u„,l „( rh*m i
• I couldn't decide winch of the two shirts to buy. I liked both, {or I liked both of them.)
• 'Is your friend British or American?'   'Neither. She's Australian.'
• 'Do you want tea or coffee?'   'Either. 1 don'r mind.'
You can say; _____
both...and...: • Both Ann and Tom were late.
• I was both tired and hungry when I arrived home.
neither  nor..:        • Neither Liz nor Robin came to the party.
• She said she would contact me but she Deither wrote nor phoned, either. ..or...:            • I'm not sure where he's from. He's either Spanish or Italian.
• Either you apologise or I'll never speak to you again._
Compare either/neither/buth [two things) and any/none/all (more than two):
There are two good hotels in the town. You can stay at either of them. We tried two hotels. Neither of them had any rooms. / Both of them were full.
There are many good hotels in the town. You can stay at any of them. Wc tried a lot of hotels. None of them had any rooms. / All of them were full.
i
C Both, either a neither
Výslovnost 1'aiúa] a i'naiua] je preferována ve Velké Británii, zatímco v USA je častější výslovnost ['i:ůa] a ['nildaj.
Můžete studenty upozornit, že kvantifikátorům both, either a neither odpovídají užitím kvantilikátory all, any a no/none, které se vsak užívají pouze při odkazování na vice než dva členy.
Užiti o/a určitého členu po both není závazné: both buys, both the boys i both of the boys.
Both, either a neitlter můžeme též užít samostatně jako zájmena. / lite both You can use either Which one would you like? -Neither.
Je-Ii neither of unto v podmetu, sloveso může být jak v singuláru, tak v plurálu. Neither of his friends is a teacher, i Neither of his friends are teachers. Analogicky pak i ve spojeni s neither. . nor...
V
B
18-20
D
14-16
both either
neither
- oba, obě
- libovolný/kterýkoliv ze dvou; buď jeden, nebo druhý
- žádný ze dvou;
ani jeden, ani druhý
slovosledu ve vetách s both: My parents are both teachers. We both know the answer. It's important for us both.
Výrazy both [bauBL either ['aifla] a neither ['naida] odkazují vždy pouze na dva členy. Je-li ve větě neither, nezapomínejte na pravidlo jednoho záporu.
Both flats are on the second floor. Oba byty jsou v druhém patře. You can use either key. Můžete použít libovolný z obou klíčů. Neither box was empty. Ani jedna krabice nebyla prázdná.
Všimněte si možného
Následuje-li osobní zájmeno, užíváme vždy předložku of: She owns both of them. Vlastní oba dva.
Neither of them believed me. Ani jeden (z obou dvou) mi nevěřil Either of you can finish it. To může dodělat kdokoliv z vás (dvou] Předložku of užíváme po either a neither též před určitým Členem, ukazovacím či přivlastňovacím zájmenem a před přivlastňovacím pádem. Po both ji v těchto případech můžeme vynechat. We can use either of these examples. Můžeme použít kterýkoliv z těchto (dvou) přikladu, í don't like either of Dad's colleagues. Nelíbí se mi ani jeden z tátových (dvou) kolegu. Neither of her sons came to the party. Ani jeden z jejích (dvou) synů na ten večírek nepřišel. Both (of) his parents are teachers. Oba jeho rodiče jsou učitelé. Zapamatujte si spojení:
both... and... = jak..., tak... / jednak..., a jednak...
Both you and I know he's very sensitive. Jak ty, tak já víme, že je velmi citlivý.
Their tenant is both rude and noisy. Jejich nájemník je jednak neslušný, a jednak hlučný.
either... oř... = buď..., nebo...
Can either you or your husband help us? Můžete mi buď vy, nebo váš manžel pomoci? ľou can either buy it or rent it. Můžete si to buď koupit, nebo pronajmout.
neither... nor... = ani..., ani...
Neither he nor his wife like(s) the location. Ani jemu, ani jeho ženě se to místo nelibí. It's neither safe nor cheap. Není to ani bezpečné, ani levné, í can neither drive nor swim. Neumím ani řídit, ani plavat.
Přeložte.
a) Both of them helped, b) They both helped, c) Neither Jim nor Anna helped, d) Either Jim or Annj could help, e) I could help either of them, f) Neither of them needed help, g) We helped both Jiij